The territories occupied by the province were annexed to the Russian Empire as a result of the 3rd partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Initially, the Slonim and Vilna provinces (governments) were created, and in 1797 they were united into the Lithuanian province. In 1801 it was divided into Vilna and Slonim provinces, renamed 8/28/1802 Grodno. Until 1840, the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of 1588 was in force on the territory of the province. In 1843, the Novogrudok district was transferred to the Minsk province, and the Lida district was transferred to the Vilna province. From 1843 to 1921 Grodno province included 8 counties: Bialystok Belsky(annexed in 1843 from the abolished Bialystok region), Brest, Volkovysk, Grodno, Kobrinsky, Pruzhansky, Sokolsky(annexed in 1843 from the abolished Bialystok region), Slonimsky.
In 1893, the province had 39 camps, 185 volosts, 9 district and 16 provincial towns, and 62 towns. According to the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, the lands of the Grodno province were transferred to Poland. The former Bialystok, Belsky, Volkovysk, Grodno, Sokol districts were included in the Bialystok Voivodeship, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky - in the Polesie Voivodeship, and the Slonim District - in the Novogrudok Voivodeship.
Population of Grodno province
The population of the province in 1811 consisted of 300 thousand inhabitants, in 1834 - 751.7 thousand, in 1891 - 1509.7 thousand, 1897 - 1617.8 thousand people. According to the national composition in 1897, Belarusians - 44%, Ukrainians - 22.6%, Poles - 10.1%, Jews - 17.4%; according to religion: Orthodox - 827,724, Catholics - 384,696, Jews - 281,303, Protestants - 13,067, Mohammedans - 3238; by class: hereditary nobles - 10,977, priests - 2,959, merchants - 2,875, burghers - 389,249, peasants - 940,856. In 1891, 1,167 educational institutions operated, incl. 6 district schools.
In 1891, on the territory of the Grodno province there were 4 Orthodox monasteries, 490 churches, 2 Catholic monasteries, 92 churches, 7 Protestant churches, 6 Old Believer prayer houses, 57 synagogues and 316 Jewish prayer houses, 3 mosques.
The Grodno province had an agrarian character; after the peasant reform of 1861, peasants here owned 42.4% of the land. The industry developed from the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of cloth factories (in 1815 - 9, in 1843 - 59). In 1891, there were 3,022 small flour mills, tobacco, tanning, woodworking and other enterprises, incl. more than 140 cloth factories (the largest in Ruzhany and Volkovysk), 150 brick factories and 57 distilleries. In 1889, 59 fairs were held (the largest in Zelva and Svisloch).
The territory of the province was crossed by buildings built in the 2nd half of the 19th century. railways: Petersburg-Warsaw, Bialystok-Baranovichi, Brest-Bryansk, Brest-Grayevskaya, Brest-Moskovskaya.
Messages:
2020-02-06 Selets, town (Pruzhany district)
My great-grandmother Karpuk (Karpovich?) Ekaterina Fedorovna was born in 1887 in the village of Selets, Berezovsky district, Brest region. She comes from a very large family. I know that she really wanted to study, but there was no money, she wrote to the king. The king helped with his studies. I know that I worked as a nanny in a very rich family in Moscow, and there, at the age of 16, she was married to King Mikhail Iosifovich, who was 10 years older than her.
Maybe someone has at least some information about Ekaterina Fedorovna or knows where she can be found?... > > >
2020-02-02 Sergey Bukhovtsev Lavna (Livnya), village (Grodno district)
Good afternoon. My daughter in America is marrying a guy named Michael Lavner. It is assumed that his ancestors with the surname Lavner left for the USA in 1892 from the village of Lavno. They are Jews. Perhaps there are some documentary traces of this family’s presence in the village. I will be very grateful to you for any information. Sincerely Bukhovtsev Sergey.... > > >
2020-01-29 Lyudmila Leshchenko Oleshevichi (Olshevichi), village (Grodno district)
I AM LOOKING FOR INFORMATION ABOUT the Nyunko family in which Joseph Petrovich was born in 1883 in Oleshevichi4r... > > >
2020-01-29 Natalya Khodynskaya Mezherechye, village (Volkovysk district)
2020-01-25 Pavel Kukhta Gardeners, village (Slonim district)
Hello. I'm looking for my relatives.
My grandfather Kukhta Paved Kondratyevich was born in 1882 in the village of Ogorodniki, Kozlovsky volost, Slominsky district, Poland. In 1898 he graduated from the Kozlovsky Public School.
in 1906 he went to work as a postal official in the city of Volkovisk and worked there until 1915.
My grandfather had a brother, Semyon Kondratyevich Kukhta, who lived in the village of Ogorodniki, Kozlovsky volost, country of Poland. they corresponded until 1932
In 1915, my grandfather left for Ukraine and worked at the post office in Berezovka, Odessa region, until 1922.
I want to find out the fate of my great-grandfather and grandfather’s brother.... > > >
2020-01-24 Astashonok (Kirillova) Zhanna Grigorievna Goli, village (Slonim district)
I am looking for information about Korol (Karol) Mikhail Osipovich (1877-1960). He was married to Ekaterina Fedorovna (1887-1966). Eleven children were born. At the end of his life he lived in the village of Lyski, Slonim district. He was buried there.... > > >
2020-01-19 iwona Avdeevichi, village (Volkovysk district)
POSZUKUJE WIADOMOŚCI O RODZINIE KOWALEWIICZ LEONARDA I ALEKSANDER... > > >
2020-01-16 DANUTA MATCZAK Zelva, town (Volkovysk district)
Witaj Iwan. Poszukuję informacji o rodzinie SOKOŁOWSKI JÓZEF- ZMARŁ 1914r. Żona jego Maria z domu Bajbus- zmarła w Samarze 16 IX 1916r urodziła się w Zelwie około 1884r. Była córką Matwieja BAJBUS Czy takie nazwiska występują aktualnie w Twoich okolicach? Będę wdzięczna za każdą wiadomość. Pozdrawiam Ďanuta Matczak... > > >
2020-01-13 Kuchuk Elena Polonka, village (Volkovysk district)
For what years have the metric books of the Orthodox parish of the village of Polonka, Svisloch district, Grodno region, Belarusian SSR been preserved? interested in 1901 Kuchuk Viktor Samoilovich was born. Who are the parents?... > > >
2020-01-13 Elena Miroshnichenko Gorna, village (Volkovysk district)
Yes, we are talking about them, about 4 more sisters and a father. Those. This is still Gorna near Zelva. Where to run next?... > > >
According to the occupied space of 33979 sq. ver. is one of the smallest provinces in Russia.
Geology
The entire surface of the middle, and especially the southern part of the G. lips. It is a continuous plain and only the northern and northeastern parts of the province are somewhat undulating, however, with gentle hills not exceeding 924 feet. over pov. sea - near the Tarasovets farm, Slonim district. According to the structure of its soil, the province belongs primarily to the middle and lower tertiary system and only along the Neman, and in some limited places - in the counties of Bialystok, Belsky and Brest - a Cretaceous formation with remains of belemnites is found in it. According to Western Bugu - granite predominates, grading lower into gneiss. In beams along the river. In Lososna and near Grodno, peat coal is found, as well as in many places there are deposits of lake and swamp iron ores. The most common soils throughout the province: sandy with a greater or lesser admixture of clay or humus, sandy loam and loamy soil occupy more than 5/7 of the entire space of the province. Shifting sands are found most often in the northern part of the G. county, and in other counties - along the river pp. Nareva, Nurtsa, Zap. Bug and Lesne. Sandy-stony soil occupies about a quarter of the entire area of Sokol and Bialystok counties. Black soils (forest and marsh) have a relatively small distribution, occupying up to 140,000 dessiatines, in the districts of Grodno, Pruzhansky, in the middle part of Brest and in the northwestern part of Kobrin. Soils - podzolic (77,600 dessiatinas), peat (3,320 dessiatinas) and swampy (196,000 dessiatinas) are most common in the southern part of the province, and peat deposits are found in all counties, with the exception of Pruzhansky; their depth in some places reaches 2-3 arshins; they are partly being developed local population.
Water
Most of the Grodno province lies on the outskirts of the Baltic basin and only its southeastern part belongs to the Black Sea; lips satisfactorily irrigated with water. Neman, entering the province from the west, it initially flows through a small part of the Slonim and Volkovy districts, and then cuts through the entire Grodno district. The length of the river in the province is up to 140 versts, its width is from 20 to 110 fathoms, its depth is from 3 to 12 feet. with a slight river fall of 1 to 1½ feet. a mile away; The river freezes 9 Dec. , and is opened on March 28; ice-free for 256 days (near Grodno).
Administrative divisions and population
The province is divided into 9 counties: Grodno, Sokolsky, Bialystok, Belsky, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky, Volkovysky and Slonim; 39 camps, 185 volosts, 2233 rural societies with 7992 peasant villages in 112663 households; 16 provincial cities and 62 towns. Orthodox - 4 monasteries, 490 churches and 54 chapels; Catholic - 2 monasteries, 92 churches, 58 chapels; Protestant - 7 churches and 6 houses of worship; 3 Mohammedan mosques; 57 Jewish synagogues and 316 houses of worship (schools). Everyone educational institutions There were 1167 in the city with 39041 students, including 5579 girls. Among the educational institutions there were: 5 secondary schools with 1206 students; 6 district schools with 390 students; 38 parochial schools with 2529 students; 300 public schools min.nar. enlightenment from 19645 academic year; 1 religious school with 158 students; 556 parochial and literacy schools with 8,445 students; 21 private colleges and schools with 1402 students; 3 special educational institutions with 219 schools; 237 Jewish educational institutions with 5047 students. The number of libraries at schools is shown as 78 with 11,190 volumes. books. In the peasant population there was one school per 1061 people. p. and one student for 33.5 souls.
87 civil department hospitals with 812 beds; including 17 rural hospitals with 102 beds and 36 medical waiting rooms; medical institutions of the military department 47 with 1450 beds; There are 129 civilian doctors and 87 military doctors.
OL| Continuity | |
|---|---|
| ← Lithuanian province | Białystok Voivodeship → Nowogrudok Voivodeship → Polesie Voivodeship → |
Grodno province- one of the northwestern provinces of the Russian Empire with its center in the city of Grodno. Currently, most of the territory is part of Belarus, a smaller part is part of Poland, and a small part is in Lithuania (Druskeniki-Druskininkai) and Ukraine.
Story [ | ]
This Administrative division survived until the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. From the part that passed to the Russian Empire in 1795, the Slonim province was formed in 1796, consisting of 8 counties: Slonim, Novogrudok, Grodno, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky and Lida. A year later, in 1797, the Slonim province was united with the Vilna province, under the name of the Lithuanian province, and five years later, by decree of 1801, it was separated in its previous composition from the Vilna province, and was renamed Grodno.
In this form, it existed for 40 years until the Bialystok region was annexed to it in 1842, which included 4 districts: Bialystok, Sokolsky, Belsky, and the latter was connected with Belsky into one district; Lida district went to the Vilna province, and Novogrudok - to Minsk.
Geography [ | ]
Grodno province. 1910s.
It was located between 51°30" - 54°3" N. w. and 26°44" - 30°16" E. d.; borders: to the north - with the Vilna province, to the east - with Minsk, to the south - with Volyn and to the west and north-west - with the Vistula region, from which pp. is separated. Neman, Bobr, Narev, Nurts and Western Bug.
In terms of its occupied space of 33,979 square miles, it was one of the smallest provinces in Russia.
The entire surface of the middle, and especially the southern part of the Grodno province is a continuous plain, and only the northern and northeastern parts of the province are somewhat undulating, however, with gentle hills not exceeding 924 feet above sea level - near the Tarasovets farm of Slonim district.
According to the structure of its soil, the Grodno province belongs predominantly to the middle and lower tertiary system and only along the Neman, and in some limited places - in the counties of Bialystok, Belsky and Brest - a Cretaceous formation with remains of belemnites is found in it. Along the Western Bug, granite predominates, turning into gneiss below. In beams along the river. In Lososna and near Grodno, peat coal is found, as well as in many places - deposits of lake and swamp iron ores. The most common soils throughout the province: sandy with a greater or lesser admixture of clay or humus, sandy loam and loamy soil occupy more than 5/7 of the entire space of the province. Shifting sands are found most often in the northern part of the Grodno district, and in other districts - along the rivers Nareva, Nurtsa, Zap. Bug and Lesne. Sandy-stony soil occupies about a quarter of the entire area of Sokol and Bialystok counties. Black soils (forest and swamp) have a relatively small distribution, occupying up to 140,000 dessiatines, in the districts of Grodno, Pruzhansky, in the middle part of Brest and in the north-west of Kobrin. Soils - podzolic (77,600 dessiatines), peat (3,320 dessiatines) and marshy (196,000 dessiatines) are most common in the southern part of the province, and peat deposits are found in all counties, with the exception of Pruzhansky; their depth in some places reaches 2-3 arshins; they are partly developed by the local population.
Most of the Grodno province lies on the outskirts of the Baltic basin and only its southeastern part belongs to the Black Sea; lips satisfactorily irrigated with water. The Neman, entering the province from the west, initially flows through a small part of the Slonim and Volkovysk districts, and then cuts through the entire Grodno district. The length of the river in the province is up to 140 versts, its width is from 20 to 110 fathoms, its depth is from 3 to 12 feet with a slight fall of the river from 1 to 1.5 feet per verst; the river freezes on December 9 and opens on March 28; ice-free for 256 days (near Grodno). The Neman is navigable throughout its entire area, but proper navigation is hampered by shoals. The river is of great importance for local trade traffic, which is facilitated by artificial connections - the Oginsky canal, a tributary of its river. Shchary from the river Yaselda, flowing into the Pripyat, and from Western. Bug - Augustow Canal. The left tributaries of the Neman are larger than the right ones; there are 13 of them, and the most important are: Shchara, which flows within the province up to 207 versts, receiving rafting rivers - Lokhozva (86 versts), Grivda (100 versts) and Nessa (84 versts); less significant left tributaries of the Neman: (150 versts), Kan (100 versts), Svisloch (120 versts) and Lososna (55 versts). Of the 8 right tributaries, the most significant are: the Kotor with its tributary Pyrra and Issa. R. Narev, flows from the swamps of the Pruzhany district, the length of the course is 248 versts, it receives on the right: Suprasl (95 versts) and Bobr (170 versts) with tributaries - Sidryanka, Lososnaya and Brzhezovka; Having accepted the Bobr River, the Narev becomes navigable; its left tributaries are insignificant. The Western Bug belongs only to the right bank for 252 versts of the Grodno province, separating it from the Privislyansky region. Through the Dnieper-Bug Canal, connecting the river. Mukhovets from the river Ninoy, is part of the water system of the Dnieper and Vistula. The Western Bug receives 11 tributaries within the province, of which the most important on the right side are: Mukhovets (83 versts) with the tributary Ryta, Lesna (100 versts), Nurets and Pulva; of these, the last one and Mukhovets are navigable. Yaselda, the left tributary of the Pripyat, originates in vast swamps on western border Volkovysk district; the length of its course within the province is 130 versts; the most important right tributary is the river. Pina.
There are many lakes, but they are not big. Some of the lakes, such as Zadubenskoye, Beloe, Molochnoye and Lot, are connected to each other and to the top of the river. Pyrras with natural and artificial water canals (Tizengauzen or Royal) provide convenient rafting routes. All waterways in the Grodno province belong to the western system of artificial water communication connecting the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea, and the entire length of shipping routes within the province is about 1,400 versts. The most important piers enter the river. Neman - in Grodno and in places. Mostakh; on the river Shara - in the city of Slonim, on the river. Beaver - in pcs. Goniondzakh; on the Western Bug - in the city of Brest-Litovsk, on Mukhovets - in the city of Kobrin. Navigation on the Neman, as well as rafting on other waterways, begins in the second half of April and ends in October. The ships sailing along the rivers of the Grodno province are named: Vitin lifting loads up to 14,000 poods, baroque- up to 5000 poods, Berdin- up to 4000 poods, gauge(iron) up to 1500 poods; smaller vessels: dubass, ligivas, komygas, or half-barks, boats, boats, etc. Swamps occupy up to 1/15 of the entire territory of the province. The most swampy areas are located: in the Belovezhskaya and Grodno forests, at the confluence of the Bobr and the Narev, along the rivers Mukhovtsa, Narev, Nurtsa and others. Impassable swamps stretch along the left bank of the river. Piny, in Kobrin district, having up to 70 versts in length and from 6 to 30 versts in width; The Piotkovskoye swamp is remarkable in size, 22 square meters. verst, lying between pp. Narev and Liza. Available in the province mineral springs, salty-bromide, Druskeniki, are widely known.
The climate of the province is moderate; There are neither intense heat nor severe, prolonged frosts. According to observations in Bialystok, Grodno, Svisloch and Brest-Litovsk, the average temperature of the year is 6°.3. The prevailing winds are the westerly direction; the number of days with precipitation is 145 with an average annual amount of moisture falling of about 500 mm. The entire forest area occupies almost 18% of the province's space, namely 484,000 acres, and under artificial plantings - 1,584 acres. The forests are dominated by pine and spruce; then, in some places there are oak, birch, aspen, and alder as pure stands; Hornbeam, elm, ash and maple are even less common; The edges of the forest sometimes consist of hazel, wild apple, pear, etc. There are very few mast trees; There is enough construction and commercial timber, and some of it is rafted to Prussia and the Vistula region. Forests along the Western Bug are valued higher than the forests of the Neman; the districts of Grodno, Pruzhansky and Slonim are the richest in forests; and among the forest dachas, Belovezhskaya and Belovezhskaya Pushchas are remarkable.
The province is divided into 9 districts: Grodno, Sokolsky, Bialystok, Belsky, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky, Volkovysk and Slonim; 39 camps, 185 volosts, 2233 rural communities with 7992 peasant villages in 112,663 households; 16 provincial cities and 62 towns.
The educational institutions included: 5 secondary schools with 1206 students; 6 district schools with 390 students; 38 parochial schools with 2529 students; 300 public schools of the Ministry of Public Education with 19,645 students; 1 religious school with 158 students; 556 parochial and literacy schools with 8,445 students; 21 private colleges and schools with 1402 students; 3 special educational institutions with 219 schools; 237 Jewish educational institutions with 5047 students. The number of libraries at schools is shown as 78 with 11,190 volumes. books. In the peasant population there was one school per 1061 people. p. and one student for 33.5 souls. 87 civil department hospitals with 812 beds; including 17 rural hospitals with 102 beds and 36 medical waiting rooms; medical institutions of the military department 47 with 1450 beds; There are 129 civilian doctors and 87 military doctors.
Administrative division[ | ]
Administrative division of the Grodno province
Initially, the province was divided into 8 districts: Brest, Volkovysk, Grodno, Kobrin, Lida, Novogrudok, Pruzhansky and Slonim. In 1843, Bialystok, Belsky and Sokolsky districts were transferred from the abolished Bialystok region to the Grodno province. At the same time, Lida district went to the Vilna province, and Novogrudok to Minsk.
| No. | County | County town | Square, sq. verst |
Population, people |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bialystok | Bialystok (56,629 people) | 2551,8 | 187 531 () |
| 2 | Belsky | Belsk (7012 people) | 3130,3 | 175 855 () |
| 3 | Brest | Brest-Litovsk (41,615 people) | 4299,7 | 193 851 () |
| 4 | Volkovysk | Volkovysk (7071 people) | 3358,0 | 125 817 () |
| 5 | Grodno | Grodno (49,952 people) | 3770,0 | 137 779 () |
| 6 | Kobrinsky | Kobrin (8998 people) | 4645,3 | 159 209 () |
| 7 | Pruzhansky | Pruzhany (7634 people) | 3659,4 | 139 879 () |
| 8 | Slonimsky | Slonim (15,893 people) | 6359,2 | 233 506 () |
| 9 | Sokolsky | Sokolka (7595 people) | 2290,0 | 113 746 () |
Population [ | ]
Population of the Grodno province according to the 1897 census.
The population of the province in 1891 reached 1,509,728 souls (776,191 men and 733,837 women); including: hereditary nobles 10,977, personal 2909, Orthodox white clergy 2310, monastics 55, Catholic 124, Protestant 20, Jewish 439, Mohammedan 11, hereditary and personal citizens 876, merchants 2876, burghers 389,249, guilds 14,437, peasants 940,856, colonists 7,088, single-lords 48, regular troops 39,911, permanent leave - 49,330, retired lower ranks 26,339, children of soldiers 14,341, foreign nationals 6,239.
There were 12,581 marriages, born. 62,180, 38,812 died. In 1891, there were 1,167 educational institutions with 39,041 students, including 5,579 girls.
National composition[ | ]
| County | Belarusians | Ukrainians | Jews | Poles | Russians | Lithuanians | Germans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province as a whole | 44,0 % | 22,6 % | 17,4 % | 10,1 % | 4,6 % | … | … |
| Bialystok | 26,1 % | … | 28,3 % | 34,0 % | 6,7 % | … | 3,6 % |
| Belsky | 4,9 % | 39,1 % | 14,9 % | 34,9 % | 5,9 % | … | … |
| Brest | 1,8 % | 64,4 % | 20,8 % | 3,9 % | 8,1 % | … | … |
| Volkovysk | 82,4 % | … | 12,4 % | 2,1 % | 2,3 % | … | … |
| Grodno | 65,7 % | … | 19,9 % | 5,7 % | 6,2 % | 1,4 % | … |
| Kobrinsky | … | 79,6 % | 13,7 % | 2,2 % | 3,1 % | … | … |
| Pruzhansky | 75,5 % | 6,7 % | 12,8 % | 1,4 % | 3,0 % | … | … |
| Slonimsky | 80,7 % | … | 15,2 % | 1,6 % | 2,1 % | … | … |
| Sokolsky | 83,8 % | … | 12,2 % | 1,2 % | 1,8 % | … | … |
Noble families [ | ]
Religion [ | ]
- Orthodox - 827.724
- Catholics - 384.696
- Jews - 281.303
- Protestants - 13,067
- Mohammedans - 3.238
The predominant population is mainly Belarusians, making up about 54%; Jews, who appeared here, are believed to have occurred in the first half of the 12th century, account for up to 19%; Poles (mostly Masurians) make up a little more than 20%, mainly in the southwest. counties, especially Bialystok and Belsk. Several thousand Lithuanians live in the northern part of the province. Tatars, resettled to Lithuania by Grand Duke Vytautas between 1395-98, now number 3273. items are found most often in Slonim district. A significant part of the Germans live in the part of the Bialystok region annexed from Prussia. A small number of Dutch. Some also show up the Buzhans and Yatvingians; but they completely merged with the local population, from which it is impossible to distinguish them.
Orthodox - 4 monasteries, 490 churches and 54 Jewish chapels - 57 synagogues and 316 houses of prayer (schools) Catholic - 2 monasteries, 92 churches, 58 chapels Protestant - 7 churches and 6 Muslim houses of worship - 3 mosques
Economy [ | ]
Agriculture[ | ]
Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the population.
Of the 3,574,746 acres of land in peasant ownership in 1890, there were 1,498,902 acres, that is, 42.2% of the entire province (2.3 acres per capita); including under estates - 50,521, arable land - 862,078, meadow - 241,118, pastures - 170,327, forests - 44,994, inconvenient - 129,863. The three-field system prevails; In some places there is a two-field and, as an exception, a multi-field. The grain harvest is generally average; absolute crop failures are a rarity in the Grodno province. A lot of potatoes are sown due to the sandy soil and the significant demand for distilleries. There are 2,122 bakery stores with a stock of 281,177 quarters of winter bread and 138,860 quarters of spring bread. The class food capital, formed in 1868, is only 47,753 rubles. Cattle breeding does not constitute a separate branch of agriculture. In 1891, there were 176,245 horses, 484,107 cattle, 591,691 sheep, 93,522 fine wool sheep, 3,642 goats, 28 donkeys and mules, 320,701 pigs. There were about 12 horses per 100 people. and 32 heads of cattle, and for 100 acres of land - about 5 horses and about 14 heads of cattle. Fine-wool sheep are bred primarily by landowners; the wool goes to local cloth factories. There are 13 private horse farms.
Of other rural occupations, gardening and horticulture are the most common - in the counties of Bielsk and Bialystok; although few estates do not have an orchard, this branch of the economy is now greatly neglected. Tobacco growing is insignificant; Mostly shag is bred; in 1890, there were 5,995 tobacco plantations in the province, occupying only 22.25 acres, from which only 1,101 poods of tobacco was collected.
Beekeeping is poorly developed and is most concentrated in the Slonim and Brest districts, where mainly bee hives are found.
Forestry [ | ]
The main forestry industry is cutting firewood and timber, which is floated to Prussia and the Vistula region. In some places they burn coal, they are engaged in tar smoking, sour tar and turpentine, especially in the Slonim district. In the Pruzhany district they make wooden utensils and wheels, in the Belsky district - sleighs, rims and arches.
Industry [ | ]
The factory industry is firmly established in the province. in the first quarter of this century with the advent of the first cloth and flannelette factories, of which there were nine here in 1815 with a production of 300,000 rubles. The number of cloth factories increased with the construction of a customs line along the borders of the Kingdom of Poland in 1832.
In 1843, there were already 59 factories processing wool, with production worth 1,521,498 rubles.
In 1891, there were 3022 factories and plants with a total production of 7,545,216 rubles. and 14,041 workers, including 9,660 men, 3,870 women and 511 minors. There were 2,709 factories with 4,754 workers, with production worth 2,286,456 rubles; There were 313 factories with a production of 5,258,760 rubles. The first place belongs to cloth court factories, of which there are 146 with 4,772 workers, with a production amount of 3,306,837 rubles; in products of this kind, the Grodno province is second only to Moscow and Simbirsk. The goods of its cloth factories are required in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Warsaw, etc., and some even go abroad. There are more of these factories in Bialystok and its district. In recent years, however, there has been a noticeable decrease in cloth production. Second place belongs to 13 tobacco factories, which by 2030 will have workers. proceeds: 814,517 rubles. Then there are 17 wool factories with a turnover of 805,100 rubles. at 390 work; 5 silk - 214,980 rub. with 237 workers, 12 spinning machines - 102,165 rubles. at 217 workers, and 2 rags - 94,800 at 106 workers.
Among the factories, the first place is occupied by distilleries and yeast ones, numbering 73, with the production of anhydrous alcohol worth 740,989 rubles. with 540 workers. There were 57 breweries with 227 workers and a production of 502,839 rubles; at 150 brick factories there are 478 workers, the amount of production is 81,789 rubles; at 1926 flour mills with 2139 workers, the output was 505,636 rubles. There are 29,481 artisans, including 20,703 masters, 5,486 workers and 3,292 apprentices; of the artisans there were 12,220 Christians, 17,183 Jews and 78 Mohammedans, and in the cities Christians make up 22%, Jews 78%, and in the counties - Christians 49%, and Jews 51% of all artisans.
Trade and transport[ | ]
Trade is developed, which is facilitated, in addition to waterways, by highway communications and railways: St. Petersburg-Warsaw, Bresto-Grayevskaya, Moscow-Brestskaya, Belostok-Baranovichi, Bresto-Bryanskaya.
The Bresto-Kholmskaya, Warsaw-Terespolskaya and Vilno-Rovno railway lines touch only the edges of the province.
In addition to the provincial and district cities, intermediaries in trade are small towns and provincial cities: Luna, Mosty, Zelva, Vysoko-Litovsk, Tsekhanovich, etc. Trade of the provinces. gravitates most towards the Privislyansky region. Mostly timber and grain bread are sold abroad.
In 1889, along the river basin. Neman cargo arrived, in thousand poods, 721, 13,303 shipped; 59 arrived in the Vistula basin, 1,364 departed; along the river basin Dnepr - 279 sent. 59 fairs in 32 different locations; they do not play a big role in commercial and industrial relations.
The income of all cities of the Grodno province in 1889 amounted to 403,484 rubles, expenses - 400,783 rubles; urban capital was shown to be only 16,367 rubles, and the debt for the cities was listed as 207,981 rubles.
Leaders of the province[ | ]
Governors [ | ]
Throughout the existence of the province, there were 36 Grodno governors and their acting responsibilities, most of whom were natives of indigenous Russian provinces: Ryazan, Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Tver, Kaluga, Kostroma, etc.
Provincial leaders of the nobility[ | ]
| FULL NAME. | Title, rank, rank | Time to fill a position |
|---|---|---|
| count, actual privy councilor | 1798-1801 | |
| 1801-1807 | ||
| collegiate advisor | 1808-1809 | |
| collegiate advisor | 1809-23.03.1817 | |
| 1817-1819 | ||
| graph | 1819-1825 | |
| prince, actual state councilor | 1825-02.09.1834 | |
| Gouvald | 02.09.1834-1837 | |
| 1837-1839 | ||
| Job vacancy | 1839-1840 | |
| court councilor | 16.02.1840-1846 | |
| guard lieutenant | 1846-1847 | |
| titular councilor | 1847-1853 | |
| with the rank of chamber cadet, court councilor | 16.05.1853-21.10.1861 | |
| count, retired centurion, etc. d. | 21.10.1861-10.09.1863 | |
| actual state councilor | 10.09.1863-02.01.1867 | |
| Davydov Vladimir Alexandrovich | chamberlain, actual state councilor | 01.12.1867-26.05.1878 |
| with the rank of chamber cadet, collegiate councilor (privy councilor) | 24.11.1878-04.04.1900 | |
| Verevkin Pyotr Vladimirovich | with the rank of chamber cadet, collegiate adviser | 12.04.1901-13.05.1904 |
| actual state councilor | 13.05.1904-15.12.1906 | |
| court councilor | 15.12.1906-1917 |
Links [ | ]
The data in this article is as of the end of the 19th century. |
Plan:
- Introduction
- 1 Historical sketch
- 2 Geography
- 3 Administrative division
- 4 Population
- 4.1 National composition
- 4.2 Noble families
- 4.3 Notable residents and natives
- 5 Religion
- 6 Economics
- 6.1 Agriculture
- 6.2 Forestry trades
- 6.3 Industry
- 6.4 Trade and transport
- 7 Governors Notes
- 10 Source
Literature
Introduction
Grodno province- one of the northwestern provinces of the Russian Empire with its center in the city of Grodno.
1. Historical sketch
Reliable information about the current Grodno province - which in more distant times represented a country covered with impenetrable forest wilds and swamps and inhabited by the Yatvingians - begins in the 11th century, that is, from the time of the Slavs’ movement here. Around 1055, Slavic settlements appeared. At first, the country constituted a special Gorodny principality, which became part of Lithuania around the half of the 13th century. In 1501, when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was divided into voivodeships, the northwestern part of the Grodno province belonged to the Troka voivodeship, the northeastern part to the Novogrudok voivodeship, and the southern part was originally the Narevsky voivodeship, and from 1520 the Podlassky voivodeship, which in 1596 formed the Brest voivodeship , merged with Poland. This administrative division marked the last partition of Poland. From the part that passed to Russia in 1795, the Slonim province was formed in 1796, consisting of 8 counties: Slonim, Novogrudok, Grodno, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky and Lida. A year later, in 1797, the Slonim province was united with the Vilna province, under the name of the Lithuanian province, and five years later, by decree of 1801, it was separated in its previous composition from the Vilna province, and was renamed Grodno. In this form, it existed for 40 years until the Bialystok region was annexed to it in 1842, which included 4 districts: Bialystok, Sokolsky, Belsky and Drogichinsky, and the latter was connected with Belsky into one district; Lida district went to the Vilna province, and Novogrudok - to Minsk, so that the Grodno province now consists of 9 districts.
2. Geography
It was located between 51°30"-54°3" N. w. and 26°44" - 30°16" E. d.; borders: to the north - with the Vilna province, to the east - with Minsk, to the south - with Volyn and to the west and north-west - with the Vistula region, from which pp. is separated. Neman, Bobr, Narev, Liza, Nurp and Western Bug.
According to the occupied space of 33979 sq. verst was one of the smallest provinces in Russia.
The entire surface of the middle, and especially the southern part of the Grodno province is a continuous plain, and only the northern and northeastern parts of the province are somewhat undulating, however, with gentle hills not exceeding 924 feet above sea level - near the Tarasovets farm of Slonim district.
According to the structure of its soil, the Grodno province belongs primarily to the middle and lower tertiary system and only along the Neman, and in some limited places - in the counties of Bialystok, Belsky and Brest - a Cretaceous formation with remains of belemnites is found in it. Along the Western Bug, granite predominates, turning into gneiss below. In beams along the river. In Lososna and near Grodno, peat coal is found, as well as in many places - deposits of lake and swamp iron ores. The most common soils throughout the province: sandy with a greater or lesser admixture of clay or humus, sandy loam and loamy soil occupy more than 5/7 of the entire space of the province. Shifting sands are found most often in the northern part of the Grodno district, and in other districts - along the rivers Nareva, Nurtsa, Zap. Bug and Lesne. Sandy-stony soil occupies about a quarter of the entire area of Sokol and Bialystok counties. Black soils (forest and marsh) have a relatively small distribution, occupying up to 140,000 dessiatines, in the districts of Grodno, Pruzhansky, in the middle part of Brest and in the north-west of Kobrin. Soils - podzolic (77,600 dessiatinas), peat (3,320 dessiatinas) and swampy (196,000 dessiatinas) are most common in the southern part of the province, and peat deposits are found in all counties, with the exception of Pruzhansky; their depth in some places reaches 2-3 arshins; they are partly developed by the local population.
Most of the Grodno province lies on the outskirts of the Baltic basin and only its southeastern part belongs to the Black Sea; lips satisfactorily irrigated with water. The Neman, entering the province from the west, initially flows through a small part of the Slonim and Volkovy districts, and then cuts through the entire Grodno district. The length of the river in the province is up to 140 versts, its width is from 20 to 110 fathoms, the depth is from 3 to 12 feet with a slight fall of the river from 1 to 1.5 feet per verst; the river freezes on December 9 and opens on March 28; ice-free for 256 days (near Grodno). The Neman is navigable throughout its entire area, but proper navigation is hampered by shoals. The river is of great importance for local trade traffic, which is facilitated by artificial connections - the Oginsky canal, a tributary of its river. Shchary from the river Yaselda, flowing into the Pripyat, and from the West. Bug - Augustow Canal. The left tributaries of the Neman are larger than the right ones; there are 13 of them, and the most important are: Shchara, which flows within the province up to 207 versts, receiving rafting rivers - Lokhozva (86 versts), Grivda (100 versts) and Nessa (84 versts); less significant left tributaries of the Neman: Zelva (150 versts), Kan (100 versts), Svisloch (120 versts) and Lososna (55 versts). Of the 8 right tributaries, the most significant are: Kotra with its tributary Pyrra and Issa. R. Narev, flows from the swamps of the Pruzhany district, the length of the course is 248 versts, it receives on the right: Suprasl (95 versts) and Bobr (170 versts) with tributaries - Sidryanka, Lososnaya and Brzhezovka; Having accepted the Bobr River, the Narev becomes navigable; its left tributaries are insignificant. The Western Bug belongs only to the right bank for 252 versts of the Grodno province, separating it from the Privislyansky region. Through the Dnieper-Bug Canal, connecting the river. Mukhovets from the river Ninoy, is part of the water system of the Dnieper and Vistula. The Western Bug receives 11 tributaries within the province, of which the most important on the right side are: Mukhovets (83 versts) with the tributary Ryta, Lesna (100 versts), Nurets and Pulva; of these, the last one and Mukhovets are navigable. Yaselda, the left tributary of the Pripyat, originates in vast swamps on the western border of Volkovysky district; the length of its course within the province is 130 versts; the most important right tributary is the river. Pina.
There are many lakes, but they are not big. Some of the lakes, such as Zadubenskoye, Beloe, Molochnoye and Lot, are connected to each other and to the top of the river. Pyrras with natural and artificial water canals (Tizengauzen or Royal) provide convenient rafting routes. All waterways in the Grodno province belong to the western system of artificial water communication connecting the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea, and the entire length of shipping routes within the province is about 1,400 versts. The most important piers enter the river. Neman - in Grodno and in places. Mostakh; on the river Shara - in the city of Slonim, on the river. Beaver - in pcs. Goniondzakh; on the Western Bug - in the city of Brest-Litovsk, on Mukhovets - in the city of Kobrin. Navigation on the Neman, as well as rafting on other waterways, begins in the second half of April and ends in October. The ships sailing along the rivers of the Grodno province are named: Vitin lifting loads up to 14,000 poods, baroque- up to 5000 poods, Berdin- up to 4000 poods, gauge(iron) up to 1500 poods; smaller vessels: dubass, ligivas, komygas, or half-barks, boats, boats, etc. Swamps occupy up to 1/15 of the entire territory of the province. The most swampy areas are located: in the Belovezhskaya and Grodno forests, at the confluence of the Bobr and the Narev, along the rivers Mukhovtsa, Narev, Nurtsa and others. Impassable swamps stretch along the left bank of the river. Piny, in Kobrin district, having up to 70 versts in length and from 6 to 30 versts in width; The Piotkovskoye swamp is remarkable in size, 22 square meters. verst, lying between pp. Narev and Liza. The salt-bromine mineral springs in the province, Druskeniki, are widely known.
The climate of the province is moderate; There are neither intense heat nor severe, prolonged frosts. According to observations in Bialystok, Grodno, Svisloch and Brest-Litovsk, the average temperature of the year is 6°.3. The prevailing winds are the westerly direction; the number of days with precipitation is 145 with an average annual amount of moisture falling of about 500 mm. The entire forest area occupies almost 18% of the province's space, namely 484,000 dessiatines, and under artificial plantings - 1,584 dessiatines. The forests are dominated by pine and spruce; then, in some places there are oak, birch, aspen, and alder as pure stands; Hornbeam, elm, ash and maple are even less common; The edges of the forest sometimes consist of hazel, wild apple, pear, etc. There are very few mast trees; There is enough construction and commercial timber, and some of it is rafted to Prussia and the Vistula region. Forests along the Western Bug are valued higher than the forests of the Neman; the districts of Grodno, Pruzhansky and Slonim are the richest in forests; and among the forest dachas, the Belovezhskaya and Grodno forests are remarkable.
The province is divided into 9 districts: Grodno, Sokolsky, Bialystok, Belsky, Brest, Kobrin, Pruzhansky, Volkovysky and Slonim; 39 camps, 185 volosts, 2233 rural societies with 7992 peasant villages in 112663 households; 16 provincial cities and 62 towns.
The educational institutions included: 5 secondary schools with 1206 students; 6 district schools with 390 students; 38 parochial schools with 2529 students; 300 public schools of the Ministry of Public Education with 19,645 students; 1 religious school with 158 students; 556 parochial and literacy schools with 8,445 students; 21 private colleges and schools with 1402 students; 3 special educational institutions with 219 schools; 237 Jewish educational institutions with 5047 students. The number of libraries at schools is shown as 78 with 11,190 volumes. books. In the peasant population there was one school per 1061 people. p. and one student for 33.5 souls. 87 civil department hospitals with 812 beds; including 17 rural hospitals with 102 beds and 36 medical waiting rooms; medical institutions of the military department 47 with 1450 beds; There are 129 civilian doctors and 87 military doctors.
3. Administrative division
Administrative division of the Grodno province
Initially, the province was divided into 8 districts: Brest, Volkovysk, Grodno, Kobrin, Lida, Novogrudok, Pruzhansky and Slonim. In 1843, Bialystok, Belsky and Sokolsky districts were transferred from the abolished Bialystok region to the Grodno province. At the same time, Lida district went to the Vilna province, and Novogrudok to Minsk.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the province included 9 districts:
| No. | County | County town | Square, sq. verst |
Population, people |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bialystok | Bialystok (56,629 people) | 2551,8 | 187 531 (1889) |
| 2 | Belsky | Belsk (7012 people) | 3130,3 | 175 855 (1889) |
| 3 | Brest | Brest-Litovsk (41,615 people) | 4299,7 | 193 851 (1889) |
| 4 | Volkovysk | Volkovysk (7071 people) | 3358,0 | 125 817 (1889) |
| 5 | Grodno | Grodno (49,952 people) | 3770,0 | 137 779 (1891) |
| 6 | Kobrinsky | Kobrin (8998 people) | 4645,3 | 159 209 (1894) |
| 7 | Pruzhansky | Pruzhany (7634 people) | 3659,4 | 139 879 (1897) |
| 8 | Slonimsky | Slonim (15,893 people) | 6359,2 | 233 506 (1897) |
| 9 | Sokolsky | Sokolka (7595 people) | 2290,0 | 113 746 (1897) |
In 1920, the territory of the province went to Poland.
4. Population
Population of the Grodno province according to the 1897 census.
Population of the provinces in 1891 it extended to 1,509,728 souls (776,191 men and 733,837 women); including: hereditary nobles 10977, personal 2909, Orthodox white clergy 2310, monastic 55, Catholic 124, Protestant 20, Jewish 439, Mohammedan 11, hereditary and personal citizens 876, merchants 2876, burghers 389249, guilds 14437, peasants 940 856, colonists 7088, 48 odnodvortsy, 39911 regular troops, 49330 indefinite leave troops, 26339 retired lower ranks, 14341 children of soldiers, 6239 foreign nationals.
There were 12,581 marriages, born. 62,180, 38,812 died. In 1891, there were 1,167 educational institutions with 39,041 students, including 5,579 girls.
4.1. National composition
In 1897:
| County | Belarusians | Ukrainians | Jews | Poles | Russians | Lithuanians | Germans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province as a whole | 44,0 % | 22,6 % | 17,4 % | 10,1 % | 4,6 % | … | … |
| Bialystok | 26,1 % | … | 28,3 % | 34,0 % | 6,7 % | … | 3,6 % |
| Belsky | 4,9 % | 39,1 % | 14,9 % | 34,9 % | 5,9 % | … | … |
| Brest | 1,8 % | 64,4 % | 20,8 % | 3,9 % | 8,1 % | … | … |
| Volkovysk | 82,4 % | … | 12,4 % | 2,1 % | 2,3 % | … | … |
| Grodno | 65,7 % | … | 19,9 % | 5,7 % | 6,2 % | 1,4 % | … |
| Kobrinsky | … | 79,6 % | 13,7 % | 2,2 % | 3,1 % | … | … |
| Pruzhansky | 75,5 % | 6,7 % | 12,8 % | 1,4 % | 3,0 % | … | … |
| Slonimsky | 80,7 % | … | 15,2 % | 1,6 % | 2,1 % | … | … |
| Sokolsky | 83,8 % | … | 12,2 % | 1,2 % | 1,8 % | … | … |
4.2. Noble families
Zhokhovsky, Zabello, Yodko, Kandyba, Karsnitsky, Kelchevsky, Klechkovsky, Kozeradsky.
4.3. Notable residents and natives
- Karsky, Evfimy Fedorovich
- Zamenhof, Lazar Markovich
5. Religion
- Orthodox - 827.724
- Catholics - 384.696
- Jews - 281.303
- Protestants - 13,067
- Mohammedans - 3.238
The predominant population is mainly Belarusians, amounting to about 54%; Jews, believed to have arrived here in the first half of the 12th century, account for up to 19%; Poles (mostly Masurians) make up a little more than 20%, mainly in the southwest. counties, especially Bialystok and Belsk. Several thousand Lithuanians live in the northern part of the province. The Tatars, resettled to Lithuania by the Grand Duke Vytautas between 1395-98, now number 3273. items are found most often in Slonim district. A significant part of the Germans live in the part of the Bialystok region annexed from Prussia. A small number of Dutch (see Golendra). Some also show up Buzhans and Yatvingians; but they completely merged with the local population, from which it is impossible to distinguish them.
Orthodox - 4 monasteries, 490 churches and 54 Jewish chapels - 57 synagogues and 316 houses of prayer (schools) Catholic - 2 monasteries, 92 churches, 58 chapels Protestant - 7 churches and 6 Muslim houses of prayer - 3 mosques
6. Economy
6.1. Agriculture
Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the population.
Out of 3574746 des. the land in peasant ownership in 1890 was 1,498,902 dessiatines, that is, 42.2% of the entire province (2.3 dessiatines per capita); including under estates - 50521, arable land - 862078, meadow land - 241118, pastures - 170327, forests - 44994, inconvenient - 129863. The three-field system prevails; In some places there is a two-field and, as an exception, a multi-field. The grain harvest is generally average; absolute crop failures are a rarity in the Grodno province. A lot of potatoes are sown due to the sandy soil and the significant demand for distilleries. There are 2,122 bakery stores with a stock of 281,177 winter and 138,860 spring bread. The class food capital formed in 1868 is only 47,753 rubles. Cattle breeding does not constitute a separate branch of agriculture. In 1891, there were 176,245 horses, 484,107 cattle, 591,691 simple sheep, 93,522 fine-wool sheep, 3,642 goats, 28 donkeys and mules, 320,701 pigs. Per 100 people there were about 12 horses and 32 heads of cattle. livestock, and per 100 des. land - about 5 horses and about 14 heads of cattle. Fine-wool sheep are bred primarily by landowners; the wool goes to local cloth factories. There are 13 private horse farms.
Of other rural occupations, gardening and horticulture are the most common - in the counties of Bielsk and Bialystok; although few estates do not have an orchard, this branch of the economy is now greatly neglected. Tobacco growing is insignificant; Mostly shag is bred; in 1890, there were 5,995 tobacco plantations in the province, occupying only 22.25 dessiatines, from which only 1,101 poods of tobacco were harvested.
Beekeeping is poorly developed and is most concentrated in the Slonim and Brest districts, where mainly bee hives are found.
6.2. Forestry
The main forestry industry is cutting firewood and timber, which is floated to Prussia and the Vistula region. In some places they burn coal, they are engaged in tar smoking, sour tar and turpentine, especially in the Slonim district. In the Pruzhany district they make wooden utensils and wheels, in the Belsky district - sleighs, rims and arches.
6.3. Industry
The factory industry is firmly established in the province. in the first quarter of this century with the advent of the first cloth and flannelette factories, of which there were nine here in 1815 with a production of 300,000 rubles. The number of cloth factories increased with the construction of a customs line along the borders of the Kingdom of Poland in 1832.
In 1843 there were already 59 factories processing wool, with production worth 1,521,498 rubles.
In 1891, there were 3022 factories and plants with a total production of 7,545,216 rubles. and 14,041 workers, including 9,660 men, 3,870 women and 511 minors. There were 2,709 factories with 4,754 workers, with production worth 2,286,456 rubles; There were 313 factories with production worth 5,258,760 rubles. The first place belongs to cloth court factories, of which there are 146 with 4,772 workers, with a production amount of 3,306,837 rubles; in products of this kind, the Grodno province is second only to Moscow and Simbirsk. The goods of its cloth factories are required in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Warsaw, etc., and some even go abroad. There are more of these factories in Bialystok and its district. In recent years, however, there has been a noticeable decrease in cloth production. Second place belongs to 13 tobacco factories, which by 2030 will have workers. proceeds amounted to 814,517 rubles. Then come 17 wool factories with a turnover of 805,100 rubles. at 390 work; 5 silk - 214980 rub. with 237 workers, 12 spinning machines - 102,165 rubles. at 217 workers, and 2 rags - 94800 at 106 workers.
Among the factories, the first place is occupied by distilleries and yeast ones, numbering 73, with the production of anhydrous alcohol worth 740,989 rubles. with 540 workers. There were 57 breweries with 227 workers and a production of 502,839 rubles; at 150 brick factories there are 478 workers, the amount of production is 81,789 rubles; 1926 flour mills with 2139 workers produced 505,636 rubles. There are 29,481 artisans, including 20,703 masters, 5,486 workers and 3,292 apprentices; Of the artisans, there were 12,220 Christians, 17,183 Jews and 78 Mohammedans, and in the cities Christians make up 22%, Jews 78%, and in the districts - Christians 49%, and Jews 51% of all artisans.
6.4. Trade and transport
Trade is developed, which is facilitated, in addition to waterways, by highway communications and railways: St. Petersburg-Warsaw, Bresto-Grayevskaya, Moscow-Brestskaya, Belostok-Baranovichi, Bresto-Bryanskaya.
The Bresto-Kholmskaya, Warsaw-Terespolskaya and Vilno-Rovno railway lines touch only the edges of the province.
In addition to the provincial and district cities, intermediaries in trade are small towns and provincial cities: Luna, Mosty, Zelva, Vysoko-Litovsk, Tsekhanovich, etc. Trade of the provinces. gravitates most towards the Privislyansky region. Mostly timber and grain bread are sold abroad.
In 1889, along the river basin. Neman cargo arrived, in thousand poods, 721, 13,303 shipped; 59 arrived in the Vistula basin, 1,364 departed; along the river basin Dnepr - 279 sent. 59 fairs in 32 different locations; they do not play a big role in commercial and industrial relations.
The income of all cities of the Grodno province in 1889 amounted to 403,484 rubles, expenses - 400,783 rubles; city capital was shown to be only 16,367 rubles, and the debt for the cities was listed as 207,981 rubles.
Coat of arms of the province with official description, approved by Alexander II (1878)
7. Governors
- March 20, 1802-June 26, 1803 - Koshelev, Dmitry Rodionovich
- June 26, 1803-March 25, 1812 - Lanskoy, Vasily Sergeevich
- March 25, 1812 - July 1, 1812 - Bulgakov, Konstantin Yakovlevich, acting. D. Governor
- January 1813-March 25, 1813 - Drutsky-Lubetsky, Francis-Xavier
- March 25, 1813-January 22, 1816 - Leshern Karl Karlovich
- January 22, 1816-July 20, 1816 - Drutsky-Lubetsky, Francis-Xavier
- July 20, 1816-November 22, 1817 - Ursin-Nemtsevich Stanislav Frantsevich governor
- 1817-1819 - Merzhevsky Calixt Iosifovich (leader of the nobility)
- February 5, 1819-October 30, 1824 - Butovt-Andrzheikovich Mikhail Faddeevich
- October 30, 1824-August 14, 1831 - Mikhail Trofimovich Bobyatinsky
- August 14, 1831 - August 24, 1831 - Georgy Ilyich Bazhanov
- August 23, 1831-March 18, 1840 - Dolgorukov, Nikolai Andreevich (military governor)
- August 24, 1831-January 12, 1835 - Muravyov-Vilensky, Mikhail Nikolaevich (civil governor)
- January 12, 1835-May 16, 1836 - Koptev Nikifor Kharlamovich
- May 16, 1836-October 19, 1842 - Doppelmayer Grigory Gavrilovich
- July 27, 1844 - March 17 - 1848 Vaskov Fedor Ivanovich
- March 17, 1848 - May 3, 1856 - Hoven, Christopher Khristoforovich
- May 4, 1856-September 1, 1861 - Speyer Ivan Abramovich
- September 19, 1861-March 23, 1862 - Drenyakin Alexander Maksimovich
- March 23, 1862 - March 5, 1863 - Ivan Vladimirovich von Haller (acting governor)
- March 5, 1863 - April 17, 1863 - Ivan Vladimirovich von Haller
- 1862-1863 - Bobrinsky, Vladimir Alekseevich
- July 21, 1863-January 13, 1868 - Skvortsov Ivan Nikolaevich
- January 13, 1868-July 15, 1870 - Kropotkin, Dmitry Nikolaevich
- July 15, 1870 - May 19, 1878 Zurov, Alexander Elpidiforovich
- June 4, 1878 - January 9, 1879 Val, Viktor Vilgelmovich (acting governor)
- January 9, 1879-February 27, 1879 - Val Viktor Wilhelmovich von
- May 3, 1879-August 30, 1879 - Zeimern, Nikolai Maksimovich (acting governor)
- August 30, 1879-October 16, 1883 - Zeimern, Nikolai Maksimovich
- November 10, 1883-April 19, 1890 - Potemkin Alexander Nikolaevich
- April 19, 1890 - March 6, 1899 - Batyushkov Dmitry Nikolaevich
- April 2, 1899 - February 5, 1900 - Dobrovolsky, Nikolai Alexandrovich (correcting the post of governor);
- February 5, 1900-October 19, 1900 - Dobrovolsky, Nikolai Alexandrovich
- January 29, 1901-December 22, 1901 - Urusov, Nikolai Petrovich (acting governor)
- December 22, 1901-April 28, 1902 - Urusov, Nikolai Petrovich
- May 30 (July 21, current style) 1902 - February 1 (February 15, current style) 1903 - State Councilor Pyotr Stolypin
- 1903 - Bogdanovich, Nikolai Modestovich
- February 15, 1903-1905 - Osorgin Mikhail Mikhailovich
- 1905-1906 - Blok, Ivan Lvovich
- 1906 - Kister Vladimir Konstantinovich
- June 24, 1906-October 20, 1907 - Zein, Franz-Albert Alexandrovich
- December 10, 1907-1912 - Borzenko Viktor Mikhailovich
- December 21, 1912-1914 - Boyarsky Pyotr Mikhailovich
- 1914-21 August 1915 - Shebeko Vadim Nikolaevich
