great city Izyaslav, the first capital of the Volyn Province, one of ancient cities Khmelnitsky region and Ukraine, has been known since 988. The city in the north of the Khmelnytsky region, in the so-called Shepetovsky District, is known for its cultural monuments of national importance, which fall into decay from year to year, as well as the monastery in which there is now a prison .The main residence of the Sangushki, the place where there were such great people as Peter the Great, Alexander the Third and others. Previously, a significant city at the end of the 19th century numbered more than 20 thousand people, developed infrastructure and numerous architectural monuments, was one of the richest cities in the Volyn province , but when they built a railway line, instead of making it a large railway junction, they made Shepetovka, and from that time the decline of the city began. After the murder of Sangushka, the city began to wither, the palaces were destroyed, the churches were demolished, the churches were all robbed, and so it was Izyaslav met the 20s, naked and poor, after the revolution there was a famine that killed half the population, and then a war with racial purges. In Soviet times, the city rose noticeably, especially in military and industrial terms. In the nineties, decline came to the city again, all military and enterprises closed, the population began to flee the city in search of work and new housing.
Currently, the city has brightened up a little, improvement has improved, some industrial enterprises have resumed their work. But still the city is in depression, it is one of the most underrated cities, and with its potential and today’s depression, the city can safely be called one of the worst cities in Khmelnytskyi area in mind The fact that neither the recreational nor the tourist potential is being used, the destroyed military units, architectural monuments and the presence of two prisons in the city add more tar, the city is in stagnation.
Located on the Goryn River.
Railroad station on the Shepetivka-Podolskaya – Ternopil line.
A city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region.
Population: 21,356 people.
The great city of Izyaslav, the first capital of the Volyn Province, one of the oldest cities in the Khmelnytsky region and Ukraine, has been known since 988. The city in the north of the Khmelnytsky region, in the so-called Shepetovsky District, is known for its cultural monuments of national importance, which from year to year are falling into decay, as well as the monastery in which the prison is now located. The main residence of the Sangushki, the place where such great people as Peter the Great, Alexander the Third and others were. The previously significant city at the end of the 19th century numbered more than 20 thousand people, developed infrastructure and numerous monuments...
Interesting anthropological materials from the times of the Tatar-Mongol invasion. The political-ideological framework is somewhat surprising, immediately casting doubt on the presented materials (however, it can be ignored), as well as the unvaried interpretation of some archaeological artifacts, for example, those widespread in the second millennium AD. so-called cutting.
Original taken from sinn_fein
in News of archeology, Eurasianism and a unified history textbook
This is the skull of a Russian warrior, recently found in Vladimir during the opening of a sanitary burial from the time of the Mongol invasion. Three injuries are visible on the skull, two not fatal, the first from an arrow, the second from a saber, and only the last, fatal to the temple from a mace. The warrior, bleeding, fought to the last...
However, the data of the latest archaeological discoveries are unlikely to fall into Putin’s “unified history textbook”, in which the very concepts of “Tatar-Mongol yoke” and “Tatar-Mongol invasion” are bashfully replaced by a harmless herbivorous “system of dependence of Russian lands on the Horde khans.” And this despite the fact that the phrase “Tatar yoke” first appeared in 1660 (in “The Tale of the Massacre of Mamaev”). However, ideological expediency once again prevailed over common sense and historical truth. I really don’t want the authorities and their Eurasian minions to admit that the Russians fought with the Tatars, who outnumbered the Russians, essentially one on one, without allies. So, apparently, they decided not to offend modern Tatars (descendants of the Volga Bulgars) and Central Asian guest workers. The Eurasians and Fomenko applaud. Finally, their phantasmagoria about the union of Rus' and the Horde, denial of the fact of the invasion and the subsequent Tatar-Mongol yoke were accepted as the official historical doctrine. As for the truth, they don't care.
Well. Let's return to reality, however. But the reality is this: in the last few years, several so-called sanitary burials from the times of Batu’s “Western” campaign against Rus' have been discovered, which colorfully demonstrate what kind of “union” it was. But first, for starters, a quote from Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov (“What times are we living in”):
Uglich did not resist the Tatars. The entire population hid in the forest, with the exception of the merchants, who were sorry to abandon their property and who entered into an agreement with the Tatars to pay a small indemnity in horses and food in exchange for napaizu, a letter of safe conduct from the Tatars. So Uglich survived, and it was not the only one, Kostroma, Tver, Yaroslavl
- all the cities along the Volga survived precisely because they made peace with the Tatars and Mongols.What a conquest! What kind of yoke is there -it wasn't there!
We will return to Yaroslavl later. So,
Vladimir
In the summer of 2011, employees of the Vladimir Regional Center for Archeology at VlSU conducted research at the construction site on the street. Zlatovratsky 1. For the first time, a mass burial of a large number of people, with a high degree of probability, died as a result of the siege of the city by the Mongol-Tatars in February 1238, was discovered.
The burial took place in a utility pit in the courtyard of an ancient Russian estate, which was burned during the capture of the city. This is evidenced by the large number of elements of burnt wooden structures and grain also found in this pit.
The total number of buried is at least 50 people. Of these, at least 36 are adults, aged 20-25 - 40-50 years. 13 - children and adolescents (28% of the total number of those buried), from newborns (up to 3 months) to children 11-12 years old.1 - teenager aged 12-15 years. Injuries in children are comparable in nature to those in adults, but the only type of injury is skull fractures. Almost all children's skulls are in a fragmented state.
The gender composition is noteworthy: the number of men is slightly larger (53%) than the number of women (47%), which indirectly confirms the absence of enemies in the burial, since it approximately corresponds to the usual proportion of the sexes of the Russian Gord. A special feature of this burial is the almost complete absence of elderly people, which distinguishes this burial from the so-called “paleontological” (mound) burials. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude that in the presented sample the ratio of adult and child components was also quite typical for Vladimir at that time.
skull of a Slavic woman, 30-40 years old, overtaken and killed by a horseman from behind (chopped wound).
It should be noted that this burial is characterized by a very high percentage of injuries incompatible with life. The nature of the injuries allows us to unambiguously interpret them as resulting from an attack by a detachment of armed horsemen.
All injuries can be divided into 2 large groups: chopped and stabbed, caused by sharp objects, and fractures of the skull bones caused by a heavy blunt object. In men, chopped wounds predominate, in women and children, wounds with a heavy blunt object. The traumatic object was small in diameter (about 5-6 cm), but large destructive force, apparently heavy, which caused a through fracture of the skull bones (presumably a mace or club).
The remains of a warrior of the Slavic anthropological type were discovered, who, in addition to a chopped blow (with a saber), which did not become fatal, had a non-fatal wound inflicted by a small pointed object (arrow), as well as a fatal fracture of the skull bones in the temporal region, the skull as a result of the blow was destroyed to eyeball (see photos above and below). The number and nature of the warrior’s injuries proves the desperate resilience, tenacity and heroism of the city’s defenders. The residents seemed to understand that they were doomed, but did not give up, saving their lives.
Many of those buried on the skulls had 2 injuries at once, each of which could be fatal. This situation is possible if “finishing off” the victim was practiced.
In children, the only type of injury in the Vladimir burial was fractures of the skull bones.
Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the tragic events, the consequence of which was the emergence of a mass one-time burial for sanitary purposes. Obviously, there was an attack by a well-armed detachment of horsemen (the wounds were inflicted from above), whose task was the total extermination of the population.
All remains belong to the Slavic anthropological type, characteristic of the urban population of Vladimir.
Apparently, part of the burial was damaged and accidentally destroyed during the construction of a residential building in the 60s.
The Mongolian version of the attack is confirmed (among other things) by the finds of a large number of unique arrowheads (fork-arrows), used only by the steppe people. And also the appearance of signs of the presence of Tatars in a cultural layer later in chronology (see below, the estate on Gagarin Street)
Mongolian arrow "fork"
The city desperately resisted, but was doomed, since the main forces (the squad) were pulled together by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir to the Sit River for the decisive battle, which took place on March 4, 1238 and was lost by the Russians.
Tatar presence in conquered lands (Vladimir)
In 2005, in Vladimir, in the area of Gagarin Street, no. 2, the above group of Vladimir archaeologists discovered a burnt Tatar estate, indicating the presence of a rich Tatar family (apparently, a governor). The estate was built in the most “prestigious” area of Vladimir for that time (the largest number of treasures were found in this area). According to archaeologists, this is a “Vladimir ruble coin from the 14th century.” Based on the nature of the finds, it can be said with a great degree of confidence that a Horde Tatar lived in the estate, since the items found were never used by the Russians and the Russians did not trade them. Items found include:
1) fragment of a glass goblet made in Syria (Aleppo, XIII-XIV centuries) in the Mamluk style
2) a fragment of a flask with an embossed ornament in the shape of a “kalype”, made in Khorezm ( XIV century ), common in Central Asia and Eastern countries
3) a bowl or dish made of “Jun-Yao” ceramics, China XII-XIII (the first finds of such dishes in Eastern Europe)
4) faience (Kashin ceramics with opaque glaze) of the “Minai” type (Iran, XIII-XIV century ) with Arabic script and semi-faience (cashin ceramics with transparent glaze), produced in the Middle East(XIII-XIV century) , luster semi-faience with kashin painting(XIII-XIV century).
Kashin ceramics are a unique “marker” of the Horde (Tatar-Mongols), since it always accompanies their (and only their) presence. This type of ceramics was highly valued during the period under study in the Horde, and rich Tatars brought/took it with them throughout their entire migration and settlement.
Yaroslavl
Now let's return to Yaroslavl, in which, according to the Eurasian L.N. Gumilev there was neither yoke nor conquest
Expedition of the Institute of Archiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.V. Engovatova in 2004-2005 uncovered a number of sanitary burials in historical center Yaroslavl.In the study area (1200 sq.m.), 25 residential and utility buildings of varying degrees of preservation were identified, and more than a hundred utility and construction pits were recorded. A change in the layout and development of this quarter was revealed, as well as traces of powerful fires, including those mentioned in written sources in 1501 and 1658.
The first burial (a total of nine were discovered) was discovered under the foundation of the Assumption Cathedral in a structure of an earlier period, deepened into the mainland by 80-90 cm (presumably the basement of a residential building, photo above), a structure with wooden log walls. Judging by the chaotic arrangement of the skeletons of those buried (on their sides, on their backs, flat, some were thrown into the pit upside down), the burial was carried out hastily.
Animal bones were found among the human bones. Among the remains, women's jewelry, a cross-vest, pieces of fabric, virtual glass, fragments of plinth, and fragments of circular ceramics were also found. According to ceramics experts, the burial should be dated to the first half of the 13th century. In the first burial, the remains of 97 individuals of the Slavic (Vyatichi) anthropological type were discovered (the total number of skeletons found in 9 burials is about 500). The number of children in the group is approximately a third. The series under study was a one-time chronological section, which brought it closer to a traditional biological group (as opposed to paleoanthropological burials). Based on fragments of fabrics and other finds (wool, felt, fur), it can be said with a high degree of probability that people died in cold weather. Which corresponds to the dating of Batu’s invasion (winter 1247-48).
The second was a well in which the remains of at least 77 people were discovered. Based on the surviving wood of the well walls, it has been established that the well was erected no earlier than 1228. Among the things found were objects that had fallen into the well during its intended use (ladles, bowls, cups).
The dating of the archaeological material allows us to assert that all nine burials were made simultaneously - no earlier than the end of the 1220s and no later than the middle of the 13th century.
A study of Yaroslavl burials showed that closer to the city walls and defensive ramparts (near the borders of Detinets), the skeletons of middle-aged men 25-35 years old with fatal injuries in the facial part predominated.
Closer to the city center with a predominance of female and child skeletons (half as many men) with injuries to the back area, and women of all ages. In the well where the soldiers were buried, the remains of (apparently) a militiaman were discovered - namely, in the well, a well-preserved insulated bast shoe with a winter insole was discovered, in which there were phalanges of the toes.
Pathologists believe that several months have passed from the moment of death to the moment of burial - fly larvae are present in the skulls, and the bodies are damaged by rodents. Apparently, the surviving residents hastily left the city, and the dead bodies remained unburied until June. This version is also supported by the fact that the remains (skeleton) of a cow with signs of dystrophic exhaustion and a rope around its neck were found in the well. People left the city and the tied cow died of hunger. Severed sheep heads were also found. Apparently, the Tatars cut off the heads of sheep and attached the headless carcasses to the saddle, moving further into the territory of Rus'.
Apparently the dead were buried in close proximity to the place where they died.
Among the causes of death, forensic experts from the Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, involved in the excavations, in almost all cases established death as a result of injuries incompatible with life. These include three characteristic groups:
1) chopped wounds
2) puncture wounds
3) perforated fractures (see photo)
a child's scapula bone pierced through (perforate fracture)
The injuries showed no signs of healing, meaning they were fatal. Damage to the children's skeletons led experts to the unequivocal conclusion that the children were not only killed, but also raised on spears (characteristic notches were found on the spine and chest). Women and children mostly died from arrow wounds in the chest, back and stomach. One child was found to have been wounded by a stele in the heel bone, which is only possible if the child was running away from someone who shot an arrow at him.
As a result, the city was set on fire and burned to the ground. Among the dead there are also those who were burned alive.
Old Ryazan, Izyaslavl, Kozelsk, Moscow, Kyiv
Similar burials were found:
- in Old Ryazan in the trenches of the eastern part of the Northern settlement (47 mass graves), discovered in 1926. There are traces of chopping weapons on the bones
- Fatyanovka village near Oka, 1979. Those killed with signs of violent death (skull fractures, arrowheads stuck in the bones) were placed in three tiers without coffins. Some signs indicated that frozen corpses were buried
- Izyaslavl (near the village of Gorodishche, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region) - more than 250 people (including women, old people and children) with injuries similar to Yaroslavl and Vladimir (that is, typical). Many of the corpses were heavily fragmented (chopped into pieces), with most injuries to the non-combatant population occurring from the sides, from behind, and while lying on the ground. Group M.K. Kargera
- Kyiv, 1892, burials near the Grand Ducal Court, Tithe Church, Golden Gate, Podol
- Kozelsk, Moscow - chronicles
This was such a wonderful union of Russians and Turks. Bravo, Eurasians!
Anthropology
Anthropological studies carried out in Yaroslavl, old Ryazan and Vladimir showed that all the dead belonged to the Slavic anthropological type from among local residents. Interestingly, the settlement of North-Eastern Rus' by the Slavs was apparently carried out in two waves (Krivichi and Vyatichi). Because according to anthropological factors, the Slavs, the inhabitants of the village, differ from the Slavs, the inhabitants of the city. Moreover, city residents are anthropologically closer to Western Slavs, for example, Smolensk. This picture was not common in Rus', since the inhabitants of Kyiv and the lands adjacent to Kyiv, for example, belonged to the sameanthropologicaltipu - glades. Being in the zone of interethnic and intertribal contact with the Finno-Ugric peoples (Chud, Merya, Mordovians), the northeastern and eastern Slavs, however, are easily segmented and localized from the Finno-Ugric peoples, and even more so from the Mongoloids. The Finno-Ugric population of the region is distinguished by a narrow and relatively long cranium and a slightly protruding nose bridge, a higher flattening of the face at the level of the cheekbones in comparison with the Slavs, and a higher value of the bending index of the zygomatic bone.
In addition to the Slavs of two types and the Finno-Ugric peoples (also several types), Burtases (apparently) were present in small numbers in the region - a little studied ethnic group with weak Mongoloid features based on anthropological characteristics. However, among those killed in Vladimir and Yaroslavl there are no Finns or Mongoloids. At all. Firstly, this indicates that the cities were defended exclusively by Russians (Slavs) and only they lived in the cities. And secondly, that the Mongols immediately took the bodies of their dead fellow tribesmen and buried them somewhere else (at least their graves have not yet been found). However, based on the above reasons (the unconditional temporary presence of the Tatars in a later period), as well as according to numerous Russian, European, Persian, Arab, Chinese written sources and other material evidence that does not indicate any strife or other military campaigns, it can be unequivocally stated the reality of the invasion of the steppe people and their extreme cruelty towards the conquered population who offered resistance.
The article uses the following works:
"Archaeology of ancient Yaroslavl. Mysteries and discoveries" (Chapter 7) A.N. Buzhilova, N.N. Goncharova, M.V. Dobrovolskaya
"Mass medieval burial in Yaroslavl" A.V. Engolatova, D.O. Osipov, N.N. Goncharova, A.P. Buzhilova
"Anthropological study of the archaeological monument" Cultural layer, ramparts and ditches ancient Vladimir XII-XVII centuries" (craniology, demography)" N.N. Goncharova
"New data on the problem of Slavic-Finnish interaction in the Upper Volga and Oka basin" D.S. Konopelkin
Special thanks for the material provided and comments:
Galchuk Larisa (head of)
Kabaev Danila Andreevich (leading archaeologist"Vladimir Regional Center for Archeology at Vladimir State University")
Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova (PhD, Institute of Archeology RAS)
Glory to Ukraine! Glory to heroes!
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Izyaslav, 2013, 2015
Khmelnitsky region
Ancient Izyaslav was located on eastern border Volyn land between the Goryn and Sluch rivers. According to one of the historical versions, Prince Vladimir in the 10th century allocated an inheritance here to his son Izyaslav, according to another, the city was founded as a guard on the Kiev-Volyn border in the second half of the 12th century by the Volyn prince Izyaslav Mstislavich, who ruled here in 1135-1142.
The Galicia-Volyn Chronicle says that in 1241 the settlement was destroyed by the Tatars. Obviously, it was no longer restored.
In the second half of the 13th century, to the side, on the banks of the Goryn, the current city was rebuilt, to which the name of the previous one passed, changing over the centuries to Zaslav, Zhaslav, Zhoslav, until in 1910 the final one took root - Izyaslav.
After the collapse of Kievan Rus, Izyaslav became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality, and in 1321 it became a privately owned city of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. Since 1386, it has been in the possession of the Ostrog princes, who had extensive estates in Volyn. In 1448, the city came into the possession of the son of Prince Ostrog - Yuri. Yuri became the founder of the family of princes Zaslavsky.
In 1673, the last prince of the Zaslavsky family, Alexander, died; his niece Maria married the Lithuanian Marshal Peter-Karol Sangushko, to whom the city passed.
In the 16th-17th centuries, Izyaslav became a major economic center; it was compared with Yaroslavl, Lvov and Lublin.
In 1793-1795, after the left-bank and right-bank Ukraine entered the Russian Empire, the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship, in 1796-1797 - the center of the Volyn governorate, and later - the same province within Russia.
In 1765, 2807 Jews lived in Izyaslav,
in 1886 - 6633,
in 1897 - 5998 (47.6%),
in 1912 - 6365,
in 1926 - 3820 (32.6%),
in 1939 - 3208 Jews.
The Jewish community existed in Izyaslav since the 16th century. During the “Khmelnitschina”, most Jews fled from Izyaslav, first to Ostrog and Mezhirich, then to Dubno. During the capture of Izyaslav, approx. 200 Jews (sick and returning fugitives), the synagogue was destroyed and turned into a stable.
In 1708 there was a pogrom organized by Cossack detachments.
In 1747 and 1830, facts of “blood libel” were noted in India.
In the beginning. 18th century In Izyaslav lived a student of the Baal Shem Tov, the famous cantor Rabbi Mordechai. In the 18th century Rabbi Dovid was the rabbi in Izyaslav. After the death of Rabbi Dovid, his son-in-law Yakov-Shimon Shapiro became rabbi, who founded a Hasidic dynasty in Izyaslav. The dynasty was continued by his son Ishor-Doiv-Ber, then by his grandson Pinchos-Yosef Shapiro-Dehner.
In 1857 there were 14 synagogues in Izyaslav, in 1886 - 9, in 1889 - 10, in 1902 - 11. In 1886, a Jewish hospital, an almshouse, a library of Mark-Borukh Feld and his bookstore operated in Izyaslav, in 1909 there was a Talmud Torah (closed in 1913), male, female and mixed private Jewish schools.
In the beginning. 20th century Tsaddik Avrom-Yeshua Rosenfeld lived in Izyaslav.
30 Nov 1917 a pogrom occurred in Izyaslav.
In the beginning. 1920s An illegal Zionist organization operated.
After the occupation of Izyaslav by German troops on August 24, 1941, St. 1 thousand Jews, June 28, 1942 - still approx. 2 thousand Jews.
On January 20, 1943, the remaining Jewish specialists were shot in Izyaslav.
The 379th Division took part in the liberation of Izyaslav on March 5, 1944. communications battalion under the command of Major Lazar Khonovich Blushtein.
In the 1990s. The Jewish culture society “Einikait” was created in Izyaslav.
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| All R. XVII century the famous rabbi Nathan Hanover, author of the work “The Bottomless Abyss” taught there | |||
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What to see
- Synagogue (Zaslavskaya str., 20)
- Jewish school (Ostrozhskaya street, corner of Bernardinskaya; now - school No. 3)
Other attractions
Ruins of the palace of princes Sangushko (Shevchenko street)
- Church of St. Joseph, baroque (Shevchenko st.)
- Castle (Zaslavskaya St., corner of Khmelnitsky)
- Bernardine Monastery (Gorky St.; now a prison)
Places of memory
Jewish cemetery with a symbolic monument (coordinates 50.12638, 26.80333)
- Memorial at the mass grave of Jews killed by the Nazis (in the forest, check coordinates on site)
Information about the company IZYASLAVSKA DISTRICT SPILKA VETERAN IN AFGHANISTAN
By the legal entity code, called the entry number in the Unified State Register, you can find out where this business is located - for “IZYASLAVSKA DISTRICT SPILKA VETERANIV AFGHANISTAN” this is Other settlements, in our catalog with the letter . Legal address of the legal entity is 30300, CITY INSHI NASELENI PUNKTI, NAZALENZHOSTI STREET, BUILDING 10, and more detailed information can be found in the full version of our tools. By EGR number, the website contains data about the owners and signatories, surnames, first names and patronymics of these legal entities. The key persons of this company are the head Telezhinsky Vasil Ivanovich, the signatory Manishev Yuri Volodimirovich, as well as the founders of PHYSICAL SPECIALISTS - MEMBERS OF SPILC. The full version of the service contains court decisions on this company, data from the tax register and the company's authorized capital. The form of ownership of the company is GROMADSKA ORGANIZATION. See more companies inHeraldry
Coat of arms
Izyaslavsky district
There is a silver cross on a red field. In the green chapter there are three golden crowns in a row. The shield is bordered by a wreath of golden ears of corn and green oak leaves, wrapped in an azure ribbon with the golden inscription "Izyaslavsky District", and topped with a golden territorial crown.
FlagIzyaslavsky district
The flag of the district is a rectangular panel with a width to length ratio of 2: 3, divided vertically into two parts - from the flagpole green (1/3 of the flag’s width), on which there are three yellow princely crowns with a red outline, one above the other; the part from the free edge is red, on it there is a white cross (the width of the cross muscle is equal to 1/4 of the width of the flag).
Coat of armsThe coat of arms has the shape of a rectangle with a semicircle at the base. In the red field of the shield there is a silver city gate with three towers, each with one loophole and crowned with a princely crown and an open gate, in which a silver horseman in knightly armor holding a sword in his right, a blue shield with a gold two-level cross in his left, on a silver horse
Flag
Rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, red. In the center of the flag is the city's coat of arms and the inscription Izyaslav.
Izyaslavsky district
Izyaslavsky district(Ukrainian Izyaslavsky district) is an administrative unit of the Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine. Administrative center- city of Izyaslav.
Located in the northwestern part of the region.
It borders in the northeast with Slavutsky, in the east with Shepetovsky, in the southeast with Starokonstantinovsky, in the south with Krasylovsky, in the southwest with Teofipolsky, in the west with Belogorsky districts of the Khmelnytsky region. In the north it borders with the Neteshinsky City Council. In the north-west it borders with the Rivne region (Ostrog district of the Rivne region, Ostrog city council),
Population: 43,812 people (2017)
Area: 1.3 thousand sq. km.
The main waterways of the region are the rivers Goryn, Viliya, Khomora, Gniloy Rog and others; Lake Svyatoe is located here.
The Shepetivka-Podolskaya-Ternopil and Shepetivka-Podilskaya-Starokonstantinov-1 railway lines and two territorial lines pass through the area car roads: T 2313 - from west to east and T 1804 - from north to south.
(Ukrainian Izyaslav) is a city in Ukraine, the center of the Izyaslavsky district of the Khmelnitsky region.
Located on the Goryn River (tributary of the Pripyat), which divides it into two parts - Old city And New town. Railroad station. The distance to the regional center is 146 km.
The administrative center of the Izyaslav City Council, to which villages and towns are not subordinate.
Population: 17,002 people
Telephone code: +380 3852
History of Izyaslav
Settlements on the territory of modern Izyaslav already existed in ancient times. During excavations in the vicinity of the city, ground flint axes and other tools of the Neolithic era were discovered. Near Izyaslav, in the Ostron tract, at the end of the 19th century. An ancient Russian burial ground was excavated, and craftsmen's tools, stone, glass, and iron products were found on the territory of the city.
Some historians believe that the formation of the city is connected with the activities of Prince Vladimir, when he, at the end of the 10th century, allocated one of the then largest Slavic settlements on the Goryn River to his son Izyaslav, making it the center of the estate, calling it Izyaslav, that is, due to Izyaslav.
According to another version, Izyaslav was founded by Prince Izyaslav Mstislavovich, where in the second half of the 12th century. along the Gusyni River, near the present village of Gorodishche (Shepetovsky district). In 1241 the Tatars destroyed this settlement, which was never rebuilt. New locality arose at the end of the 13th century. already on the Gorini River. IN different time documents record its somewhat different names: Izyaslavl (XIII century), Zaslav, Zaslavl, Izyaslav (XIV - XX centuries).
At the end of the 13th century. the city was part of the Galician-Volyn principality. In the XIV century. Izyaslav became the possession of the Ostrog princes, whose rights to the city were confirmed by a charter from the King of Poland Vladislav Jagiello and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas. In 1466, on the banks of the Goryn, the Zaslavsky princes (a branch of the Ostrozhsky family) began construction of a castle. Ramparts and other fortifications were built around the castle (their remains are still preserved).
XV-XVI centuries were alarming and restless for the city. Every 10-20 years Volyn was attacked by the Tatars. An attack of the Tatars on Izyaslav in 1491, battles under the walls of the city between the Polish army and the Tatars in 1534 and 1577 were recorded. They made great devastation in the vicinity of Izyaslav in 1618.
In the 17th century Izyaslav has become a significant economic and shopping mall south of Volyn. 1629 in the city there were 875 smokes, 4-4.5 thousand inhabitants - significantly more than in other cities.. The main branch of the city's economy was agriculture.
Events of the liberation war of the Ukrainian people 1648-1654. In Izyaslav they became an expressive manifestation of the class struggle of peasants and artisans against feudal oppression. In 1648, the troops of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, relying on the help of the population of the city and neighboring villages, took Izyaslavsky Castle. In subsequent years, Izyaslav and its surroundings became the scene of a brutal armed struggle between the rebel people and the Polish feudal lords. In 1652, a plague epidemic broke out.
After the end of the liberation war, Izyaslav and its surroundings, like all of Volyn, remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Feudal oppression and the deterioration of the situation of the working population led to a significant spread in the south of Volyn by the uprising led by Paly and Samus. In the winter of 1702-1703. It also spread to Sangushko’s possession. In 1712, a new explosion of anti-feudal struggle took place in Volyn. Crown Hetman Adam Sinyavsky noted that “willful” detachments were operating in the Ostroh Ordination area.
After the reunification of Right Bank Ukraine with the Left Bank as part of the Russian state during 1793-1795. the city was the center of the Izyaslav governorship in 1796-1797. - the center of the Volyn governorate district, later - the same province. In Izyaslav there were district institutions, large staff officials, garrisons of Russian troops were stationed: at the beginning of the 19th century - the Novgorod and Little Russian Grenadier regiments of the first army, led by M. I. Kutuzov, in 1812 - parts of the army of General Tormasov.
In the first half of the 19th century. Izyaslav remained a small town with small trade and crafts, although certain changes in its life certainly occurred. In Izyaslav there were weekly trades, 6 annual fairs, and there were about 200 different types of trading establishments.
In 1913, a railway track was laid through Izyaslav and a railway station was built.
Izyaslav, in terms of its cultural and everyday level, was a provincial town, backward even in comparison with other cities of Volyn. Only the central streets were illuminated by a few kerosene lanterns. At the beginning of the 20th century. The city was served by 15 cab drivers. There was a county hospital and several private doctors practiced.
In 1869, a city two-class school and a primary school were opened, and about thirty years later a women's higher primary school and a one-class primary school were opened.
During the First World War, Izyaslav found itself in the area of operations of the Southwestern Front. Here were the headquarters of military units, field hospitals and the like. There were continuous mobilizations of the population for rear work.
In February 1918, the city was occupied by Austro-German troops. In August 1919, the city was captured by the Petliurites. In the summer of 1920, the Red Army began fighting for the liberation of Podolia from the troops of the Polish occupiers and Petliurists. Izyaslav was finally liberated from enemy troops in the second half of November 1920.
On July 5, 1941, Izyaslav was occupied by the Nazis. In February 1944, the battles for the liberation of Izyaslav began, which were a striking example of close interaction between the Red Army and partisan detachments. Partisan fighting for the city began on February 16. By noon the enemy was driven out of Izyaslav. But a few hours later the Nazis, having received new reinforcements, attacked the New Town area. On the morning of February 17, a battalion of regular Soviet troops arrived to help the partisans.
