Our planet holds many mysteries. And a lifetime is not enough to solve them. But you, together with Bright Side, can briefly look through the keyhole of the door, behind which lies a whole world of crazy secrets.
1. Moa birdsMoa - flightless birds, which lived in New Zealand and became extinct around 1500, destroyed (according to one theory) by the Maori aborigines. During one of the expeditions, scientists came across a huge part of a bird's paw, which was incredibly well preserved.
2. Temple complex of Sacsayhuaman, PeruThis temple complex amazes with its impeccable masonry without a single drop of connecting mortar (even a piece of paper cannot be inserted between some of the stones) and the way the surface of each block is perfectly processed.
3. Gate of the Sun, BoliviaThe Gate of the Sun is located in Tiwanaku, an ancient and mysterious city. Some scholars believe that in the first millennium AD it was the center of a huge empire. There is still no idea what the drawings on the gate mean. Perhaps they carried some astrological and astronomical value.
4. Longyu Grottoes, ChinaThe grottoes were carved out of sandstone by people - it was a complex job that certainly must have involved thousands of Chinese, but nowhere is there any mention of these grottoes or how they were created.
5. Obelisk, EgyptThey began to cut the obelisk right into the rock, but cracks appeared along it. It was left unfinished. The sizes are simply stunning! 6. Underwater city, o. Yonaguni, Japan The complex was accidentally discovered by diving instructor Kihachiro Aratake. This underwater city destroys all scientific theories. The rock in which it was carved sank under water about 10,000 years ago, that is, much earlier than its construction. Egyptian pyramids. According to modern ideas of some scientists, in that distant era people huddled in caves and only knew how to collect edible roots and hunt wild animals, and not build stone cities.
7. Mohenjo-Daro (Hill of the Dead), PakistanFor many decades now, archaeologists have been concerned about the mystery of the death of this city. In 1922, Indian archaeologist R. Banarji discovered ancient ruins on one of the islands of the Indus River. Even then, questions arose: how was this destroyed? Big city, where did its inhabitants go? The excavations did not answer any of them.
8. L'Anse aux Meadows site, CanadaThis settlement was founded by the Vikings about 1000 years ago. Which means they got to North America much earlier than Christopher Columbus was born.
9. Stone Age TunnelsThe discovery of a vast network of underground tunnels (spanning across Europe from Scotland to Turkey) suggests that Stone Age people spent their days doing more than just hunting and gathering. But the real purpose of the tunnels still remains a mystery. Some researchers believe that their task was to protect people from predators, others - that people traveled through this system, protected from weather conditions and wars.
10. Giant stone balls of Costa RicaMysterious perfectly round stone formations intrigue not only with their appearance, but also with their incomprehensible origin and purpose. They were first discovered in the 30s of the 20th century by workers clearing the jungle for banana plantations. Local legends said that gold was supposed to be hidden inside the mysterious stone balls. But they were empty.
Scientists are constantly trying to unravel the mysteries of our planet. Today we decided to remember most interesting riddles past, to which science has managed to find an answer.
1. The secret of the moving stones in Death Valley
At the bottom of the dried-up Racetrack Playa lake there are so-called moving stones weighing up to 300 kg. Some invisible force forced them to move, leaving behind traces in the dried mud. No one has ever seen these stones in motion. In 2011, scientists installed cameras and a weather station at the bottom of the lake to measure wind gusts. In December 2013, the secret was revealed. After rains and snowfalls, the water level rose to 7 cm. At night, the water froze, forming floating ice floes, and then gusts of wind (15 km per hour) dispersed both the ice floes and stones. Traces of the movement of stones became visible later, when the bottom of the lake dried up.
2. How a giraffe’s body weight is supported by its thin legs
Giraffes weigh about 1000 kg, and they have incredibly thin leg bones that do not break under such weight. Scientists studied the limbs of giraffes (samples from dead animals), subjecting them to weight loads, but they did not break and remained in an upright position. The reason for its endurance is the suspensory ligament (fibrous tissue that connects bones) that runs along the entire length of the giraffe's shin bones. The ligament provides support because it is elastic tissue, not muscle. The animal does not get tired because it does not use muscles to support the weight.
3. Singing sand dunes
There are 35 sand dunes in the world that can “sing.” This singing is more like a low cello sound. At first, scientists thought that the sound was produced by the vibrations of the lower layers of the dune, but then this sound was recreated in the laboratory by allowing sand to roll down an inclined surface. Actually, it is the sand that “sings”. Sound is the vibration of sand grains rolling down. The speed of moving sand also matters. When the grains of sand are the same size, then they have the same speed. When the grains of sand are different, they move at different speeds, resulting in a wider sound range.
4. Bermuda Triangle for carrier pigeons
This mystery dates back to the 1960s, when a professor studied the ability of pigeons to find their way home from previously unknown places. He released pigeons throughout New York State and they all made it home except the ones released at Jersey Hill. Nowadays, this secret has been revealed, although debates around it are still ongoing. Bird navigation can be called an internal biological compass and map. A compass is the position of the Sun or the Earth's magnetic field, and a map is infrasound (low frequency sound), a kind of radio beacon. When the birds got lost in Jersey Hill, the infrasound signal was high in the atmosphere due to temperature and wind, so the pigeons could not hear it.
5. Unique origin of the only one active volcano in Australia
The only Australian active volcanic region stretches 500 km from Melbourne to Mount Gambier. Over the past 4 million years, about 400 volcanic events have been recorded with last eruption about 5000 years ago. The answer from scientists is that most volcanoes on Earth are located at the edges of tectonic plates that are constantly moving in the upper part of the Earth's mantle. But in Australia, the reason for this is fluctuations in the thickness of the continent and its slow drift to the north (7 cm per year).
6. Fish that thrive in polluted water
From the 1940s to the 1970s, plants discharged polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into New Bedford Harbor (Massachusetts). Eventually, the harbor was designated a Superfund cleanup area. However, local waters have become a biological mystery to which the answer may already have been found. Regardless of high level toxic pollution, the small fish Atlantic Heterandria continued to live and actively reproduce in the harbor, which simply genetically mutated, adapting to PCBs and learning to metabolize them. It is possible that these fish will now simply not be able to live in clean water.
7. How underwater waves are formed
Underwater waves (internal waves) are hidden from our eyes. They raise ocean waters by 5-10 cm, so only a satellite can record them. The largest internal waves (up to 170 m) form in the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippines; they mix the less saline and warm upper ocean waters with the salty and cold deep water, distributing heat throughout the entire thickness of the world's oceans. Scientists have long wanted to unravel the mystery of their formation, so they conducted experiments in a laboratory tank. Internal waves were generated by applying cold deep water pressure to two ridges located on a seabed simulation model.
8. Why is a zebra striped?
There are many theories about the presence of zebra stripes. Some believe that the stripes are camouflage or a way to confuse predators. Others believe that the stripes help the zebra regulate its body temperature or recognize its relatives. As a result of studying zebras, horses and donkeys, scientists came to some conclusions. By comparing information about the color, location and size of stripes on the bodies of zebras with a map of the habitat of tsetse flies and horseflies, they made the statement that zebras are vulnerable to insect bites because their stripes of different widths repel blood-sucking flies that carry disease.
9. Mass extinction of about 90% of species of living organisms on Earth
About 252 million years ago, the “Great Extinction” occurred of 90% of the species of living organisms on Earth. This is an ancient detective story in which both asteroids and volcanoes were suspects. However, the culprit turned out to be a single-celled microbe called methanosarcina, which feeds on carbon compounds and produces methane. During the Permian period, metasarcina experienced a gene mutation that allowed it to absorb acetate contained in organic matter. As a result, the microbial population exploded, spewing huge amounts of methane into the atmosphere and acidifying the ocean. Most plants and animals on land and sea died.
10. Origin of the Earth's oceans
Water covers 70% of the surface of our planet. Initially, scientists believed that the Earth was dry, and water appeared on it much later as a result of collisions with asteroids and “wet” comets. However, new research has shown that the Earth originally had water on the surface. Scientists compared two groups of meteorites: the most ancient carbonaceous chondrites and meteorites from the asteroid Vesta. Both types of meteorites are similar in chemical composition and contain a lot of water. For this reason, researchers believe that the Earth was formed with water from carbonaceous chondrites about 4.6 billion years ago.
Despite active study and exploration, space is still full of mysteries for humanity. Only quite recently, gravitational waves were considered only a theory, but today their existence has already been scientifically proven.
Despite active study and exploration, space is still full of mysteries for humanity. Only quite recently, gravitational waves were considered only a theory, but today their existence has already been scientifically proven. Who knows what secrets are hidden in these dark, dark depths of the Universe. However, even among what has already been discovered by scientists is full of extremely amazing things, the existence of which is difficult to believe...
Alcohol
This discovery was recently made by an international group of scientists working on a 30-meter telescope in the Sierra Nevada mountains in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. They found that Comet Lovejoy, codenamed C/2011 W3, contains as many as 20 types of different organic molecules, including sugar and alcohol molecules. This periodic comet was discovered in November 2011. By all indications, its diameter should be at least 500 meters. In addition, it is one of the brightest comets known to science. It is not yet entirely clear where all this organic matter came from in the gas and dust tail of Comet Lovejoy. It is quite possible that they were “picked up” somewhere during the comet’s journey through space.
Another version says that these compounds could have arisen from a huge interstellar molecular cloud that formed the Solar System.
Planet made of diamonds
An exoplanet with the complex name PSR J1719–1438 b was discovered in 2009. It is located in the constellation Serpens at a distance of 3900 light years from our solar system. But what is remarkable about this planet is that, according to all calculations, it consists almost entirely of crystalline carbon. PSR J1719−1438 b was one of the first of its kind, but far from the only one. To date, scientists know of at least five similar carbon planets. It is assumed that they also have an iron-containing core, but the basis of their surface is mainly silicon and titanium carbides, as well as pure carbon. According to scientists, on such planets there may be areas completely covered with kilometers of diamonds.
Huge rain cloud
And here, without any metaphors, this is truly a gigantic accumulation of moisture, which can conditionally be called a cloud. This cloud is located 10 billion light years away and is believed to be enveloping a supermassive black hole. Moreover, when the term “huge” or “giant” is applied to something in space, this should be understood on a completely different scale. No, this cloud is not the size of the continent of Eurasia, for example. It is so huge that it is approximately 100,000 times the size of the Sun.
Cold stars
A hot ball that, using a thermonuclear reaction, produces a huge amount of energy, light and heat. In any case, our native Sun is exactly such a star. But the truth is that some stars can have conditions that are completely unusual for them. Such stars, for example, are brown dwarfs. These are, so to speak, dying stars, whose reserves of nuclei are almost completely used up. Thermonuclear reactions still occur in them, but not with such activity and not with such strong heat release.
For example, the star WISE 1828+2650. It is the coolest of all known brown dwarfs. Its surface temperature is only 25 degrees Celsius. Quite comfortable to walk around the star in shorts and a T-shirt.
Possible ocean of life
Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is the most likely candidate for discovering an entire ocean of extraterrestrial life. At least that's what NASA scientists think. Conditions on the surface and in the atmosphere of this satellite are extremely harsh. The average temperature is minus 170–180 degrees Celsius. In some places, methane-ethane rivers flow and even lakes form. And most of the surface consists of water ice. However, in the conclusions of researchers, Titan is very often compared with our native Earth in the early stages of its development. It is possible that the simplest forms of life may exist on the satellite, in particular in underground reservoirs, where conditions can be much more comfortable than on the surface.
Lightning
Modern science is already well aware that lightning is not only an earthly phenomenon. Electrical discharges have been recorded in the atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and other planets. But few people know that the strongest lightning occurs not on planets, but around black holes. Those same relativistic jets or jets that erupt from the centers of quasars, black holes and radio galaxies can, in fact, also be considered lightning. Extremely powerful, huge. Their nature is still very little studied. Scientists believe that such discharges are formed due to the interaction of magnetic fields with the accretion disk around black hole or a neutron star.
Real hell
If there is a real hell somewhere, then it definitely has to be the planet CoRoT-7 b. It orbits the star COROT-7 in the constellation Monoceros, which is approximately 489 light-years away. The problem of the planet is that it is too close to its star and always faces only one side towards it. Due to such conditions, a huge ocean of hot lava has formed on the illuminated side of the planet. Its temperature is +2500-2600 degrees Celsius, which is higher than the melting point of most known minerals. Therefore, on the “warm” side of the planet, almost everything melted.
Moreover, the entire atmosphere of CoRoT-7 b mainly consists of this evaporated rock, which then falls onto colder areas in the form of rock sediments. It is assumed that this planet was once a gas giant the size of Saturn, but the star literally “evaporated” it to the core. Now it is only one and a half times larger than the Earth.
Magnetars
Our Sun rotates on its axis in about 25 days, gradually distorting the magnetic field around it. Now imagine a dying star, which in its death throes collapses and shrinks into a tiny lump of matter. A huge, gigantic star, sometimes larger than the Sun, turns into a ball with a diameter of only a few tens of kilometers. All this time it is spinning faster and faster. Like a spinning ballerina who presses and spreads her arms, this star also spins along with its magnetic field.
According to scientists' calculations, sometimes the magnetic field of a magnetar can be a million times stronger than the earth's. By comparison, a magnetic field of this strength could destroy your phone at a distance of hundreds of thousands of kilometers. It would seem that what’s so terrible about it is that you just need to keep your electronic devices away from magnetars. But this magnetic field is so strong that it can influence matter itself, twisting atoms into thin cylinders.
Orphan planets
Ever since school, everyone knows that there are stars around which planets revolve, around which, in turn, their satellites can revolve. However, there are exceptions to all rules. Imagine that in the vast cold space there are planets that are not tied by gravity to either the stars or other planets. They are usually called orphan planets or wanderer planets. Interestingly, if an orphan planet is located in a galaxy, then even if it is not tied to the stars, it still revolves around the galactic core. Of course, the circulation period in such cases is very long. But it may also be that the planet is in completely empty intergalactic space and then it does not orbit anything at all.
Time Machine
In general, the entire cosmos and the entire Universe are imagined as one big time machine, in which even distance, for clarity, is measured in years, light years, of course. However, given that the size of our galaxy is about 100,000 light years, any event that happens on one edge of it will be noticeable on the other only after 100,000 years. But this does not mean that the speed of information propagation in the Universe is limited only by the speed of light. If you look at space in the infrared, you can see something that has not yet happened for us. A simple example: the famous “Pillars of Creation” - a region in the Eagle Nebula. According to the Spitzer infrared telescope, the Pillars of Creation were destroyed by a supernova explosion approximately 6,000 years ago. But since the nebula itself is located at a distance of 7,000 light years from Earth, we will see them for about a thousand years, although they themselves have been gone for a long time.
Every year is a crazy period of time for one reason or another, and no one will deny that. Drug lords constantly manage to organize impossible escapes, Jon Snow from Game of Thrones is strangely reborn, and the most inexplicable objects we have ever seen are constantly being found in the oceans. It seems we have everything we need to think about, it seems there is nothing to surprise us!
And the more time passes, the less chance we have of solving some of Earth's most baffling mysteries. They accumulate for centuries! For example, 2017 is no different from all previous years, and many inexplicable things also happened in the world. Here are 10 secrets that prove our planet is a crazy place.
Space debris
It's no surprise that all kinds of space debris are orbiting around us. In fact, many of these items pose a real danger to astronauts and even the well-being of the Earth itself! In October 2016, scientists noticed a huge piece of space debris and named it WT1190F. Everyone thought that it would actually enter the Earth's atmosphere and fall straight into the Indian Ocean, but our earthly shell is much stronger. The object was burned to the ground as soon as it approached Earth last November, but one thing is unclear - scientists still don't know what it was! They think it could be a rocket fragment, but they have no idea what kind. It's still a mystery!
Where is Hayat Boumediene now?
The woman has been charged in connection with the deadly terrorist attacks on Paris in January 2016. She was the wife of one of the three attackers who organized it all. While three of them were killed, Boumediene escaped and her whereabouts are still unknown. Investigators believe she traveled to Turkey and then went to Syria, where she is allegedly hiding from authorities to this day. She is one of the most wanted criminals in the world!
Puzzle that is 8000 years old
Dmitry Dey noticed these geoglyphs while searching for ancient pyramids using maps on the Internet. Scientists have no idea why they were built! The oldest of the objects was built 8,000 years ago, and many believe they were used to track the movements of the sun. NASA was so puzzled by this discovery that it is now working to unravel the mystery using the latest technology.
The Great Escape of El Chapo
No one thought it was possible to escape from the Altiplano maximum security prison, but Mexican drug trafficking leader Guzman, also known as El Chapo, has pulled off the impossible escape. He drilled a hole in the shower chamber and escaped on a bicycle through a specially made underground tunnel! He was in a safe place long before the guards noticed he was missing. This story is worthy of a TV show! His whereabouts remained a mystery for a long time until he was recaptured during a raid by Mexican Marines.
Ghost ships filled with corpses
More than a dozen boats filled with corpses sailed to the northwestern shores of Japan. They were all filled with decomposing bodies, but there was no evidence that they had been killed and placed in the boats on purpose. The authorities could not understand the reason why the people on the wooden ships died, and also could not find out where the ships came from. Some of them bore the remains of a North Korean flag, but investigators still can't figure out exactly what happened. The first boats appeared in 2013, and they are still arriving on the shores!
Life on Saturn's moon
NASA's Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn and its 62 moons last October. The brave piece of space technology even made a daring dive into an icy eruption on Enceladus, one of the planet's moons that is an extraterrestrial ocean. It's a shame that Cassini isn't equipped with gadgets that can detect life forms.
120,000 antelope died in just two weeks
More than a third of the entire antelope population died out in Kazakhstan in just two weeks. This is the biggest and most tragic case of this kind! Scientists still don't know what caused it, although it may have been due to significant biological and environmental problems. Many blame rocket fuel and noise pollution that have been caused by many space rocket launches.
What happened to flight MH370?
Back in March 2014, a Boeing 777 plane took off on flight MH370 from the Malaysian capital and disappeared from radar. The fact that a plane could disappear with all modern technology left the whole world in shock. A tiny piece of this aircraft recently appeared off the coast of Reunion Island in Indian Ocean. Investigators believe it is part of a flaperon from an airplane. However, where is the rest of this huge aircraft, still unknown!
Siberian failures
Something really strange has been discovered on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia. An unexplained explosion created a 100-meter hole. After some time, several more failures appeared. Scientists believe that the formation of these holes may be caused by gas explosions. But they still don't know what exactly caused these holes to appear. They even sent a team to explore one of these holes to confirm their theories, but alas! They still can't prove anything.
What's hidden under Stonehenge?
Good old Stonehenge still has a few tricks up his sleeve. New underground mapping technologies have revealed something truly strange - it appears that hidden beneath the ruins of Stonehenge are shrines, pits and mounds that are more than 5,000 years old. Historians have always believed that it was an autonomous structure, but new research changes everything! This new information could completely change what we know about the Stonehenge complex.
Scientists still find historical mysteries that they cannot give a logical explanation.
The first stone calendar.
In the Sahara Desert in Egypt lie the oldest known astronomically aligned stones in the world: Nabta. A thousand years before the creation of Stonehenge, people built a stone circle and other structures on the shore of a lake that had long since dried up. More than 6,000 years ago, three-meter-tall stone slabs were dragged for more than a kilometer to create this site. The stones depicted are only part of the entire complex that has survived. Although the Western Egyptian Desert is currently completely dry, it was not so in the past. There is good evidence that there have been several wet cycles in the past (with up to 500mm of rainfall per year). The most recent one dates back to the interglacial period and the start of the last glaciation, which was approximately 130,000 to 70,000 years ago. During this period, the area was a savannah and supported numerous animals such as the extinct bison and large giraffes, antelopes different types and gazelles. Beginning around the 10th millennium BC, this area of the Nubian Desert began to receive more rainfall, filling the lakes. Early humans may have been attracted to the region by its sources of drinking water. Archaeological finds may indicate that human activity in the area is known at least from about the 10th and 8th millennium BC.
Chinese line mosaic.
These strange lines are located at the coordinates: 40°27'28.56"N, 93°23'34.42"E. There is not much information available about this "oddity", but a beautiful mosaic of lines does exist, it carved in the desert of Gansu Sheng Province in China. Some records indicate that the "lines" were created in 2004, but nothing officially confirming this assumption seems to have been found. It should be noted that these lines are located close to Mogao caves, which is an object World Heritage. The lines stretch for a very long distance, and at the same time maintain their proportions, despite the curvature of the rough terrain.
Inexplicable stone doll.
In July 1889, a small human figure was found during a well drilling operation in Boise, Idaho. The find has generated intense scientific interest in the last century. Unmistakably man-made, the “doll” was discovered at a depth of 320 feet, placing it at a time long before the arrival of man in this part of the world. The find has never been disputed, but it has only been said that such a thing is, in principle, impossible.
Iron bolt, 300 million years old.
It was found almost by accident. The expedition of the MAI-Cosmopoisk Center was searching for meteorite fragments in the south of the Kaluga region, in Russia. Dmitry Kurkov decided to examine a seemingly ordinary piece of stone. What he found can change our understanding of earthly and cosmic history. When the dirt was wiped off the stone, on its chip one could clearly see... a bolt that had somehow gotten inside! About a centimeter long. How did he end up there? The bolt with a nut at the end (or - what this thing also looked like - a coil with a rod and two disks) sat tightly. This means that he got inside the stone back in the days when it was only sedimentary rock, bottom clay.
Ancient rocket ship.
This ancient cave painting from Japan dates back to more than 5000 BC.
Moving stones.
No one, not even NASA, has been able to explain this yet. The best thing to do is just watch and marvel at the moving stones in this dry lake in National Park Death Valley. The bottom of Racetrack Playa Lake is almost flat, 2.5 km from north to south and 1.25 km from east to west, and is covered with cracked mud. The stones move slowly along the clayey bottom of the lake, as evidenced by the long tracks left behind them. The stones move independently without the help of others, but no one has ever seen or recorded the movement on camera. Similar movements of stones have been recorded in several other places. However, in terms of the number and length of tracks, the dried-up lake Racetrack Playa is unique.
Electricity in the pyramids.
Teotihuacan, Mexico. Large sheets of mica are found embedded in the walls of this ancient Mexican city. The closest place is a quarry where mica is mined, located in Brazil, thousands of kilometers away. Mica is currently used in energy production technology. In this regard, the question arises as to why builders used this mineral in the buildings of their city. Did these ancient architects know some long-forgotten energy sources to use electricity in their cities?
Dog Death
Dog suicide on Overtown Bridge, near Milton, Dumbarton, Scotland. Built in 1859, the Overtown Bridge became famous for a number of unexplained cases in which dogs apparently committed suicide by jumping from it. These incidents were first reported in the 1950s or 1960s, when dogs—usually the long-nosed variety, like collies—were observed to quickly and unexpectedly jump from a bridge and fall fifty feet to their death.
Fossil giants
Fossilized Irish giants discovered in 1895, they are over 12 feet (3.6 m) tall. The giants were discovered during mining operations in Antrim, Ireland. This image is from the British Strand magazine, December 1895. “Height 12 feet 2 inches, chest 6 feet 6 inches, arm length 4 feet 6 inches. There are six toes on the right foot." The six fingers and toes are reminiscent of some characters from the Bible, where six-fingered giants are described.
Pyramids of Atlantis?
Scientists continue to explore the ruins of megaliths in the so-called Yucatan Canal in the Cuban region. They have been found for many miles along the coast. American archaeologists who discovered this place immediately announced that they had found Atlantis (not for the first time in the history of underwater archaeology). Now the place is sometimes visited by scuba divers to admire the majestic underwater structures. All other interested parties can only enjoy the filming and computer reconstruction of a city buried under water, thousands of years old.
Giants in Nevada
A Nevada Indian legend about 12 foot red giants that lived in the area when they arrived. According to American Indian history, the giants were killed in a cave. During excavations in 1911, this human jaw was discovered. This is what an artificial human jaw looks like next to it. In 1931, two skeletons were found at the bottom of the lake. One of them was 8 feet (2.4 m) high, the other was just under 10 (3 m.).
Inexplicable wedge
This aluminum wedge was found in Romania in 1974, on the banks of the Mures River, near the city of Ayud. It was found at a depth of 11 meters, next to the bones of Mastodon - a giant, elephant-like, extinct animal. The find itself is very reminiscent of the head of a huge hammer. At the archaeological institute of the city of Cluj-Napoca, where the artifact was supposedly sent, it was determined that the metal from which this wedge is made is Aluminium alloy, coated with a thick layer of oxide. The alloy contained 12 different elements, and the find was classified as strange, since aluminum was discovered only in 1808, and the age of this artifact, given its presence in the layer along with the remains of an extinct animal, is determined to be approximately 11 thousand years.
"Loladoff's Plate"
The Loladoff Plate is a 12,000-year-old stone dish found in Nepal. It seems that Egypt is not the only place visited by aliens in ancient times. This is clearly demonstrated by the disk-shaped UFO. There is also a drawing on the disk. The character bears a striking resemblance to the aliens known as the Greys.
Pure iron alloy hammer
A puzzling riddle for science is represented by... an ordinary-looking hammer. The metal part of the hammer is 15 centimeters long and about 3 centimeters in diameter. It literally grew into limestone about 140 million years old, and is stored together with a piece of rock. This miracle caught the eye of Mrs. Emma Khan in June 1934 in the rocks near the American town of London, in the state of Texas. The experts who examined the find came to a unanimous conclusion: a hoax. However, further research carried out by various scientific institutions, including the famous Battelle Laboratory (USA), showed that everything is much more complicated. Firstly, the wooden handle on which the hammer is mounted is already petrified on the outside, and completely turned into coal on the inside. This means that its age is also calculated in millions of years. Secondly, specialists at the Metallurgical Institute in Columbus (Ohio) were amazed by the chemical composition of the hammer itself: 96.6% iron, 2.6% chlorine and 0.74% sulfur. No other impurities could be detected. Such pure iron has never been obtained in the entire history of earthly metallurgy. Not a single bubble was found in the metal. The quality of iron, even by modern standards, is exceptionally high and raises many questions, since the content of metals used in the metallurgical industry in the production of various types of steel (such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, vanadium) is not detected or molybdenum). There are also no foreign impurities, and the percentage of chlorine is unusually high. It is also surprising that no traces of carbon have been found in iron, whereas iron ore from terrestrial deposits always contains carbon and other impurities. Generally speaking, from a modern point of view, it is not of high quality. But here's the detail: the iron of the “Texas hammer” does not rust! When a piece of rock with an embedded tool was chipped away from the rock in 1934, the metal was severely scratched in one place. And over the past sixty-odd years, not the slightest sign of corrosion has appeared on the scratch... According to Dr. K.E. Buff, director of the Museum of Fossil Antiquities, where this hammer is kept, the find comes from the Early Cretaceous period - from 140 to 65 million years ago . According to the current state of scientific knowledge, humanity learned to make such tools only 10 thousand years ago. Dr. Hans-Joachim Zillmer from Germany, who studied the mysterious find in detail, concludes: “This hammer was made using a technology unknown to us.”
Highest stone processing technologies
The second group of finds that pose mysteries for scientists consists of artifacts created after the currently accepted time of the appearance of man on Earth. But the technologies that were used to create them became known to us relatively recently or are still unknown. The most famous find of this group is a crystal skull found in 1927 in Belize during excavations of the Mayan city of Lubaantum. The skull is carved from a piece of pure quartz and measures 12x18x12 centimeters. In 1970, the skull was analyzed in the Hewlett-Packard laboratory. The results were stunning. The skull was created without respecting the natural crystal axis, which is impossible in modern crystallography. No metal tools were used when working on the skull. According to restorers, the quartz was first cut with a diamond chisel, after which silica crystalline sand was used for more thorough processing. About three hundred years were spent working on the skull, which can be perceived as an incredible example of patience or recognize the use of high technologies unknown to us. One of the Hewlett-Packard experts said that creating a crystal skull is not a matter of skill, patience and time, but that it is simply impossible.
Fossil nail
However, most often objects found in rocks are similar in appearance to nails and bolts. In the 16th century, the Viceroy of Peru kept a piece of rock in his office, in which an 18-centimeter steel nail found in a local mine was firmly held. In 1869, in Nevada, a metal screw 5 centimeters long was found in a piece of feldspar recovered from great depths. Skeptics believe that the appearance of these and many other objects can be explained by natural causes: a special kind of crystallization of mineral solutions and melts, the formation of pyrite rods in the voids between crystals. But pyrite is iron sulfide, and when fractured it is yellow (which is why it is often confused with gold) and has a clearly defined cubic structure. Eyewitnesses of the finds clearly speak of iron nails, sometimes covered with rust, and pyrite formations can more likely be called gold rather than iron. There is also an assumption that the rod-shaped NIOs are the fossilized skeletons of belemnites (invertebrate marine animals that lived at the same time as dinosaurs). But the remains of belemnites are found only in sedimentary rocks and never in bedrock, such as feldspar. In addition, they have a pronounced skeletal shape, and it is impossible to confuse them with something else. It is sometimes claimed that nail-shaped NIOs are molten fragments of meteorites or fulgurites (thunderbolts) produced by a lightning strike in rocks. However, finding such a fragment or trace left millions of years ago is extremely problematic. While one can still argue about the origin of the nail-shaped NIOs, one can only shrug at some of the finds.
Ancient battery
In 1936, the German scientist Wilhelm König, who worked at the Archaeological Museum of Baghdad, was brought a strange object that was found at the excavations of an ancient Parthian settlement near the Iraqi capital. It was a small clay vase about 15 centimeters high. Inside it was a cylinder made of sheet copper, its base was covered with a cap with a seal, and on top of the cylinder was covered with a layer of resin, which also held an iron rod directed to the center of the cylinder. From all this, Dr. Koenig concluded that in front of him was an electric battery, created almost two thousand years before the discoveries of Galvani and Volta. Egyptologist Arne Eggebrecht made an exact copy of the find, poured wine vinegar into a vase and connected a measuring device that showed a voltage of 0.5 V. Presumably, the ancients used electricity to apply a thin layer of gold to objects.
The largest stone carved by man
The largest of all the stones carved by man is the Lebanon stone. Its weight is 2000 tons. It was intended for Baalbek, which is 2 hours away by car from Beirut. The Baalbek Terrace is built from stone blocks that reach 20 meters in length, 4.5 meters in height and 4 meters in length. These stone blocks weigh up to 2000 tons. The terrace is much older than the Temple of Jupiter located on it. I wonder how ancient people carved, and then transported and built from such stones? And today there are no technical means for moving such cargo.
Mechanism
The Antikythera Mechanism (other spellings: Antikythera, Andythera, Antikythera, Greek: Μηχανισμός των Αντικυθήρων) is a mechanical device discovered in 1902 on a sunken ancient ship near Greek island Antikythera (Greek Αντικύθηρα). Dating back to approximately 100 BC. e. (possibly before 150 BC). Stored in the National archaeological museum in Athens. The mechanism contained 37 bronze gears in a wooden case, on which dials with arrows were placed and, according to reconstruction, was used to calculate the movement of celestial bodies. Other devices of similar complexity are unknown in Hellenistic culture. It uses differential gearing, which was previously thought to have been invented no earlier than the 16th century, and has a level of miniaturization and complexity comparable to 18th-century mechanical watches. The approximate dimensions of the assembled mechanism are 33x18x10 cm.
Astronaut figurines from Ecuador
Figurines of ancient astronauts found in Ecuador. Age > 2000 years. In fact, there is a lot of such evidence, if you want, read Erich Von Denikin. He has many books, one of the most famous is “Chariots of the Gods”, it contains both physical evidence and deciphering of cuneiform scripts and so on, in general it’s quite interesting. True, it is contraindicated for ardent believers to read.
