In the very heart Caucasus mountains The city of Tbilisi (until 1936 Tiflis) is located - the capital of the Republic of Georgia. It is quite difficult to find on the world map another capital of a state with the same ancient and rich history.
According to legend, the city was founded by King Vakhtang Gorgasali. While hunting, the royal falcon grabbed a pheasant and, under the weight of its burden, fell into hot spring. Both birds were boiled in boiling water in the blink of an eye. After the incident, the king ordered the pawning of this unusual place city. But pragmatic archaeologists and historians refute this poetic version of the founding of the city and claim that Tbilisi has existed since the 4th century. AD, and this is long before the reign of King Gorgasali. But the undoubted fact remains that the settlement in this place arose precisely thanks to the warm sulfur springs, because in translation from Georgian “tbili” means “warm”.
Tbilisi, like many capitals of the world, is not only cultural and administrative center of its country, but also one of the largest industrial centers of Georgia. The largest machine-building and metalworking plants in the republic are located here: machine-tool plant, aviation plant named after. Dimitrov, agricultural machinery, wine-making equipment, iron foundry, etc., as well as light and food industry enterprises.
Thanks to its versatility, Tbilisi will provide decent rest, full of joy and positive emotions, for people of different ages and taste preferences.
Climate
Tbilisi stretches along a long narrow strip along the river Chickens(Mtkvari) by Tbilisi basin almost 30 km, reaching the slopes of nearby mountains. The influence of the Black Sea is still felt here, because... The Greater Caucasus ranges run from west to east, so the climate in this part of Georgia is considered subtropical with long, hot summers (air temperatures can reach +40 ºС). Winter is mild with an average temperature of about +1 ºС, spring and autumn are warm and rainy. The greatest amount of precipitation falls from April to June.
Nature
Natural beauty is a source of pride for the Georgian capital. From almost anywhere in the city you can admire the mountain peaks and river Mtkvari, sparkling merrily in the sun and carrying its waters across the entire city. In the warm season, Tbilisi is literally surrounded by greenery and fragrant with the aroma of all kinds of flowers.
In the heart of the city lies Tbilisi Botanical Garden. In the Middle Ages, there were royal gardens here, which after Georgia became part of the Russian Empire became the property of the state and received the status of a Botanical Garden. A river flows through it Tsavkisistskali, dividing the garden into two parts. There are several picturesque bridges across the river, and there is a forty-meter waterfall. Amazing plants were brought here from all parts of the planet: from North America and Japan, Siberia and China, the Mediterranean and the Himalayas. There is a unique collection of medicinal Georgian plants.
Without leaving the city limits, you can visit the sea. In the northeast of Tbilisi, adjacent to Tbilisi national park, spread out Tbilisi Sea, more precisely the 9 km long Tbilisi Reservoir, created in 1952.
Three kilometers from the city at an altitude of 800 m above sea level there is a small Turtle Lake, formed by underground springs. You can get to it by cable car.
And, of course, speaking about the natural features of Tbilisi, we should mention thermal springs, thanks to which the city appeared. Today this place occupies a block Abanotubani, there are world-famous baths that have been operating since the 16th century.
Attractions
To visit all the most beautiful and interesting places Tbilisi, you will need to come to this place more than once amazing city, and, without a doubt, everyone will find a place to their liking.
As a rule, sightseeing in Tbilisi begins with Old town, the historical center of the capital. The whole of it is built up with two- and three-story houses, twined with vines. Each house has its own story, funny and sad, fabulous and completely true, which a local resident you meet is ready to tell you with the readiness of a real guide.
In the Old Town on Mount Mtatsminda there is Narikala fortress (« Impregnable fortress"), which is considered the soul of Tbilisi. The mountain offers amazing views of the city.
From the Narikala fortress, a hiking trail leads to the monument " Kartlis Deda”, which translated means “Mother of Georgia”. Then, according to a one-of-a-kind Betlemi staircase street past the temples of the 9th-10th centuries. you can go down to Zion Cathedral, built in the VI-VII centuries. AD Within its walls is kept the main Christian relic of Georgia - the cross of St. Nina, the enlightener of Georgia.
Anchiskhati― the oldest church in Tbilisi, built in the 6th century. ― received its name in honor of the Anchi Icon, deeply revered by Georgian Christians. This is the only building that has been partially preserved almost since the founding of Tbilisi.
One of the main attractions of the city and its symbol is Metekhi temple, which was once the residence of the Georgian kings.
Not far from the temple are the famous Tbilisi sulfur baths: Iraklievskaya, Kazennaya, Bebutovskaya and etc.
And, of course, it’s impossible not to look at the central street of the capital - Shota Rustaveli Avenue(Georgian poet of the 12th century). Dozens of city attractions are located on one street. This and National Museum Georgia, And Church of St. George(Kashueti), and Opera and Ballet Theatre, and much more.
Nutrition
On the streets of Tbilisi you can find restaurants serving cuisine from many countries of the world: from Chinese and Indian to French and Italian. But, of course, nothing beats an authentic Georgian restaurant in the heart of the country.
Georgian cuisine is replete with all kinds of dishes: ojakhuri, khinkali, khachapuri, kuchmachi, pkhali, kubdari and other tasty, but not entirely clear names. Hospitable waiters will help you understand all their diversity and choose something exactly to your taste. National songs are played in many restaurants and dance groups perform.
Breakfast on the restaurant terrace In the shadow of Metekhi", from where you can admire the Narikala fortress and the Old Town, will set the tourist in the right mood for a fruitful walk around the city. Afterwards, if you get hungry, you can have a snack at fast food restaurants " Shemoikhede Genatsvale" Khinkali lovers should definitely visit " House of Khinkali"on Rustaveli Ave.
In addition to all kinds of restaurants, cafes and bars, you can sit quietly, drink tea and “digest” everything you see in small teahouses, and on a hot day, be sure to treat yourself to the most delicious ice cream in the city in the establishment Luca Polare("Polar bear").
Accommodation
Tbilisi hotels offer their guests rooms of varying comfort and price categories (from $25 to $370 per night). Large hotels are "Astoria", Holiday Inn, Grand Hotel, Betsy's Hotel and etc.
More than 60 hostels are open today for tourists in Tbilisi. The cost of living there ranges from $8 to $25 per night.
You can also rent an apartment for daily rent in any part of the city. The cost of renting apartments starts from $35.
Entertainment and relaxation
There are a huge number of museums and exhibition halls in Tbilisi. The oldest Georgian art is the creation of jewelry from cloisonne enamel. Museum of Art stores the richest collection of these jewelry. The treasures of the museum also include the cross of Queen Tamara and the famous Anchian icon. A real repository of objects of Caucasian culture is State Museum Georgia. Silk Museum will also attract the attention of anyone who knows how to appreciate beauty.
People in Tbilisi love theater. Musical productions of Tbilisi troupes are extremely popular all over the world.
You can go with children to aquapark or visit the children's Mziuri town, where the frozen heroes of Nodar Dumbadze’s works live.
Night clubs ( Beatles Club, Roxana, City Club etc.) and bars that are open until the last customer leaves will captivate lovers of nightlife.
Purchases
In almost all large stores, hotels and restaurants in Tbilisi you can pay by credit card.
There are few supermarkets in the old part of the city, but in different corners of the narrow winding streets there are cute shops where they sell bread, cheese, herbs, wine by the glass and much more.
When leaving the city, do not forget about the need to stock up on all kinds of Georgian gifts for yourself and your loved ones. Cloisonné enamel jewelry can be bought on Rustaveli Ave., as well as in specialized stores ( Makhalaki, Presents and Souvenirs), in hotel lobbies Marriott And Radisson, and at the open market, where you can bargain. Real Georgian wine can be purchased in stores Benjamin's And Vinoteca. For paintings and souvenirs you should go to Dry Bridge. The best spices, Georgian cheese, churchkhela and sauces are sold on " Deserter» bazaar.
Transport
You can travel around Tbilisi by bus, minibus, metro and taxi.
Payment for buses, minibuses and metro is done using a special card - Metromani. You can pay in cash on buses and minibuses; the cost for one trip on any type of transport does not exceed $0.5.
The metro operates from 6 am to midnight.
Taxi fares should be agreed upon before the start of the trip.
Airplanes from leading cities in the world arrive at Tbilisi airport.
Connection
Many hotels, restaurants and almost all hostels offer free Wi-Fi. There are a number of Internet cafes on Rustaveli Avenue. You can also purchase a card from one of three mobile operators (Geocell, Beeline and Magti) operating in Georgia and use wireless Internet service costing from $12 to $18 per 1 GB of traffic.
You can call any country in the world from Tbilisi from pay phones that work using cards, as well as from post offices.
Safety
If you have any questions or difficulties, you must contact a patrol police officer. The officer will politely and competently resolve the problem.
When traveling with your own vehicle, you should strictly follow traffic rules and city parking rules; you should not travel in the dark. The city maintains strict control over maintaining order on the roads and streets; violators are subject to heavy fines.
Business climate
Convenient conditions for doing business in Georgia lead to an increase in investment receipts in the country and, in particular, in the development of the capital’s economy. For example, the company Rezid Holding GMBH from Austria invested in the construction of a multifunctional complex, which will consist of two skyscrapers that will house beauty salons, cafes, spa and fitness centers, swimming pools, etc.
Business in Tbilisi, as throughout Georgia, is subject to the following taxes: profit tax (15%), income tax individuals(25%), VAT (18%), property tax (tax rate is determined by local governments) and land tax (from 0.2 to 0.3 $ per 1 m2). Customs duties, depending on the category of goods, are 0%, 5% and 12% of the value of the goods.
Real estate
Today, the Tbilisi real estate market is experiencing a real boom. The construction of a new quarter of the capital, “New Tbilisi,” begins, which will include five zones: residential, commercial, recreational, administrative and diplomatic.
The conditions for purchasing real estate for foreigners have been simplified as much as possible in order to stimulate the influx of foreign capital into the country.
The price of housing in Tbilisi ranges from $900 to $2,000 per 1 m2.
Tbilisi is a wonderful, hospitable city that can give everyone the most vivid impressions. The best way to get around here is on foot. Only in this way, calmly and slowly, can you feel the color and originality of the city. To travel long distances, choose a taxi: in the person of the taxi driver you will get both a driver and an excellent guide who will advise which wine to buy, where is the best place to dine and from which point the view of the city is the most beautiful.
Almost all signs in Tbilisi are written in Georgian, therefore, in order to feel more comfortable in the city, you can learn the Georgian alphabet or at least make yourself a cheat sheet, and, of course, always remember that in a difficult situation you can ask passers-by and employees for help police.
In small shops and markets it is not possible to pay by bank card, so it is always worth keeping some money in cash in not very large denominations.
Address: Tbilisi
2 Freedom Square, Tbilisi, Georgia
Tbilisi is the capital of Georgia, its heart. It is the largest city in the country, an important economic, political, transport, scientific, cultural and spiritual center. The history of the city of Tbilisi goes back several centuries, its old name is Tiflis - in 2008 it turned 1550 years old. Consider all the iconic sights of Tbilisi in our online review cities.
Tbilisi in translation means “warm spring”, and from Georgian “tbili” means warm. The name and origin of this city are associated with the warm sulfur springs that are located on its territory. This city also has an old name - Tiflis.
Map of Tbilisi, location and climate
Tbilisi is a city in southeastern Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura River (in Georgian - Mtkvari). The city is located in a gorge between three hills, thanks to residential areas are tiers: the height of the streets here ranges from 400 to 1000 meters.
Tbilisi has almost everything that will be interesting to a tourist: ancient monuments, modern centers, mountains, forests, plains, and lakes.
Administratively, Tbilisi is divided into 9 districts. Of these, 3 cultural centers can be distinguished: Old Town, Sololaki and Avlabar. There are areas of secondary historical and architectural significance: Mtatsminda, Chugureti and Vera. The rest are modern quarters.
The climate of Tbilisi is characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The hottest weather is in July. It is especially hot in the summer in the Old Town, a little cooler in the neighborhoods located in the mountains (Mtatsminda, Nitsubidze plateau or Vazisubani).
In winter there are rarely frosts, the air temperature can rise to 10 degrees Celsius, but strong winds often blow.
Tbilisi is quite diverse in terms of ethnic composition. In addition to the indigenous population (Georgians), Armenians, Russians, Ossetians, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, and others live here.
History of Tbilisi
The city of Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang Gorgasali. And already in the 6th century it became the capital of Iberia - a state that at that time was located on the territory of modern Georgia.
There is also a legend about the emergence of Tbilisi. It says that during the hunt of King Vakhtang Gorgasali, his falcon along with its prey - a pheasant - fell into a hot spring. Having found this source, the king ordered a city to be built in its place.
Currently, on the site of the legendary spring there is Abanotubani quarter– the most ancient district of the city of Tbilisi.
National symbols
The symbols of the city are traditionally the flag, coat of arms and seal.
The flag of Tbilisi has a rectangular shape and consists of 4 colors: white, blue, gold and dark red.
The flag depicts two intersecting stripes, at their intersection is the city's coat of arms. There are seven seven-pointed stars around the coat of arms.
The coat of arms and seal of the city reflect the content of the legend about the capital of Georgia.
They depict the symbols of Tbilisi:
- bird - according to the legend about the appearance of the city;
- oak branch - symbolizes the strength and eternity of the country and the Georgian people;
- a wave (or other water theme) is a symbol of the Mtkvari River, on which the city is located.
Sights of Tbilisi
Tbilisi is a very popular city. A large number of monuments of ancient architecture and history, modern cultural monuments, many parks and places for recreation - all this will not leave any guest indifferent, and he will definitely take photos of the sights of Tbilisi as a souvenir.
Old city
The main historical center of Tbilisi is Old city where the main attractions are located. It is located at the foot of Mount Mtatsminda. This area consists of old narrow streets paved with brick. Almost all buildings in this part of the city bear cultural and historical value. Here you can see the ruins of ancient medieval buildings, the history of which dates back 3–4 centuries.
The old town has cultural significance. There are museums, galleries, and artists display their works on the streets for sale to tourists.
Theater named after Shota Rustaveli
On the central street is the largest theater in Georgia - the Academic Theater named after Shota Rustaveli. In addition, tourists can visit architectural and cultural monuments - the Tbilisi Opera House and the Philharmonic.
It can be located on Rustaveli Avenue.
At the end of the avenue there is Freedom Square with the famous St. George's Stele.
Since Tbilisi is the capital of Georgia, administrative buildings are located on the central street, which are also landmarks of the city. These include the building of the Parliament of Georgia, the Central Telegraph and others.
Modern monuments
The most important modern monument is considered to be pedestrian bridge across the Kura River. It connects Rike Park and Irakli II Street. The creator of this masterpiece was the Italian architect Michele de Lucchi. The bridge is a 156 meter long steel frame covered with glass. At night, the bridge is illuminated by 30 thousand bright light bulbs. The lighting designer is Frenchman Philippe Martineau.
Bridge of Peace
Read about what to see in Tbilisi if you come for 3 days.
How to get to Tbilisi
You can get to Tbilisi by plane. The reconstruction of Georgia's main airport was completed in 2007. Since then it has been a modern and functional facility. During the reconstruction they were built new terminal, parking, runways and other elements necessary for high level functioning of the airport.
From Russia you can arrive by car by Georgian Military Road. Or by sea to Batumi, and from Batumi by train.
Public transport
The city's urban transport is represented by the metro, buses and minibuses.
Payment in any city transport (metro, bus) can be made with a plastic card. Cost: 50 tetri.
Plastic card for travel payment
The Tbilisi metro has been operating since 1966. Payment is made by plastic cards. Metro operating hours are from 6.00 to 24.00. The names of stations and announcements in cars are announced in Georgian and English.
Tram and trolleybus lines in Tbilisi were liquidated. To replace electric transport, bus and minibus routes were developed.
In addition to plastic cards, payment on buses is made using tickets, which can be purchased directly in the transport terminal, the fare is 0.5 lari (15 rubles).
The cash register only accepts the exact amount and does not give change. Payment of fares to the driver is prohibited.
Public transport in Tbilisi runs strictly on schedule and stops only at bus stops. On bus stations There are electronic boards that show the arrival of the nearest transport.
Route taxis are air-conditioned minibuses with 16 seats. You can pay for travel there in three ways: by plastic card, through a cash register, and personally to the driver. Minibuses stop at the request of passengers.
Tbilisi Hotels
Tbilisi Marriott– the main luxury hotel in the country with five-star service. Located in the city center on Shota Rustaveli Avenue. The hotel was built in the early 1900s. Then she provided her services to business people, ambassadors and diplomats.
In 2002, the hotel was restored. The building was built in Baroque style, has 6 floors and 127 rooms. Room rates in this hotel start from $150 per night.
There are a lot of hotels, hotel houses and hotel complexes. Room rates range from $30 to $400.
Georgia is known to everyone as hospitable country. Its residents love feasts and honor their traditions. Tbilisi is the heart of Georgia, unusual and interesting city for tourists. Having visited it once, you will definitely want to come here again.
Do you want to come here? The Viva-Georgia team will organize an excursion or tour for you, create the optimal travel route and provide any other assistance during the trip.
Capital of Georgia. The name Tbilisi was first mentioned in the 4th century; its appearance is associated with the presence of warm sulfur springs in the city (Georgian Tbili is warm). The ancient form of the name Tpilisi, from which the names of the city adopted by other peoples are derived... Geographical encyclopedia
Tbilisi- Tbilisi. Kura River and Metekhi Cathedral (founded in 1278). TBILISI (until 1936 Tiflis), capital of Georgia, on the Kura River. 1283 thousand inhabitants. Railway junction. Metropolitan (1966). Mechanical engineering (machine tools, electric locomotives, instruments, agricultural... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Capital of the Georgian SSR. Known since the 4th century, the capital of Georgia since the 12th century. Stretched in a narrow strip for almost 30 km in the river valley. Kura and on the adjacent slopes of the mountains. In the southeastern part of Tbilisi there is its ancient core, the Old Town with narrow streets,... ... Art encyclopedia
- (until 1936 Tiflis), capital of Georgia, on the Kura River. 1283 thousand inhabitants. Railway junction. Metropolitan (1966). Mechanical engineering (machine tools, electric locomotives, instruments, agricultural machines, electrical equipment, etc.), light (textile,... ... Modern encyclopedia
- (until 1936 in Russian transcription Tiflis) the capital of Georgia, on the river. Kura. Railway junction. 1279 thousand inhabitants (1991; including settlements, subordinate to the city administration, 1283 thousand inhabitants). Mechanical engineering (production of machine tools,... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Tiflis Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Tbilisi noun, number of synonyms: 3 city (2765) capital ... Synonym dictionary
- (until 1936 in Russian transcription Tiflis) the capital of the Georgian SSR. Large industrial, scientific and cultural central transport node. Located in the Tbilisi basin, along both banks of the river. Chickens, at an altitude of 406,522 m. Average... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
TBILISI- GEORGIA Tbilisi (until 1936 in Russian transcription Tiflis), the capital of Georgia, is located in the valley of the Kura River in the Caucasus Mountains. The city's population is 1,353,000 inhabitants. Convenient location of the city on one of the mountain routes connecting the Black and Caspian... ... Cities and countries
- (until 1936 Tiflis) city, capital of Gruz. SSR, one of the largest industrial, cultural and scientific. centers of the USSR, located in the valley of the river. Chickens. Railway junction, airport, beginning military point cargo. roads. As of 1 Jan. 1972 927 t. (in 1897 160.6 tons, in 1926 294 tons... Soviet historical encyclopedia
- (until 1936 Tiflis) capital of Georgia. USSR, industrial and cultural center. 1066 thousand inhabitants (as of Jan. 1979). T. is Ch. city of Georgia from 5th to 6th centuries. Information about music. T.'s life was preserved in ancient chronicles and literature. monuments of ancient centuries. WITH… … Music Encyclopedia
Books
- Tbilisi is the capital of the Georgian SSR. Tbilisi is the capital of Georgia. One of the oldest cities in the world, one of the largest industrial, cultural and scientific centers of the Soviet Union. Founded in the second half of the 5th century. Its name...
- Tbilisi. Guide, Georgy Khutsishvili. Georgians say: “When a guest comes to the house, it is the sunrise. When he leaves the house, it is the sunset for the owner.” Let's hope the sun never sets on the inhabitants of this ancient...
- the capital and at the same time The largest city Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura River in the Tbilisi Basin. A noisy, cheerful, faithful to traditions and at the same time actively developing city with one and a half million inhabitants - this is what the modern capital of Georgia looks like in the eyes of travelers.
Tbilisi is especially attractive due to its rich history, which goes back centuries. You can wander endlessly through the quarters of the old part of the city, inhaling the exciting aromas of national pastries and admiring the ancient architecture of the local buildings. For more than one and a half thousand years of existence, Tbilisi has managed to acquire so many historical attractions and cultural heritage, that there would be more than enough of them for several ordinary cities.
Video: Tbilisi
History of Tbilisi
Officially, the history of Tbilisi is usually counted from the 5th century. The city was founded by the king of Iberia Vakhtang Gorgasali. Ancient legend says that during a hunt, the formidable monarch shot a pheasant. The dead bird fell into one of the thermal ponds and was boiled. This fact struck Gorgasali so much that he ordered to found a city on this place and call it Warm Spring (in the local dialect - Tbilisi). Historians are skeptical about this version, preferring to correlate the emergence of the fort with the ancient Roman era. During archaeological excavations In this territory, the remains of ancient baths and mosaic fragments were found, indicating that the first settlements arose here in the first centuries of our era.
Since 626, Tbilisi was subject to regular invasions by Arab armies. Enemy troops robbed the local population and ravaged the city. Only in 1122, with the coming to power of King David the Builder, relative calm reigned in Georgia, which lasted a little more than a century. A short calm was again replaced by military invasions: for several centuries the city was alternately besieged by Arab, Mongol, and Turkish conquerors.
From 1801 to 1917 Georgia was part of the Russian Empire. During this period, Tbilisi gained long-awaited stability and the protection of a more powerful power. The city has grown significantly economically and has acquired numerous commercial and industrial enterprises. After the October Revolution. Tbilisi became the capital of independent Georgia, which it remained until 1926. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city regained its former status as an administrative and cultural center.
Districts of Tbilisi: where tourists should go first
The Kura River is not only a geographical object, but also water boundary, which splits Tbilisi into two parts. Officially, the city is divided into districts: some of them are rich in diverse architectural monuments, and some are typical residential areas that are not popular with tourists.
The record holder for the number of attractions is the Old Town, also known as the historical center of the capital. By the way, it is on its territory that the legendary “sulfur baths” are located, which people are so proud of local residents. From this part of Tbilisi it’s a stone’s throw to the area with the sonorous name Sololaki. The place is ideal for walking, during which you can admire the features of the local architecture. There is something to see in Avlabari. Historians suggest that it was from here that the construction of the future capital began. On the territory of the quarter are the Tsminda Sameba Cathedral, the palace of Queen Darejan and the ruins of an Armenian temple.
Another interesting area is Mtatsminda. There are few truly ancient buildings here, but there are plenty of entertainment venues, shops and restaurants. Chugureti will be of more interest to pilgrims who come to Tbilisi to pray and worship religious shrines. Most of the Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant churches are located here. People usually go to Ortachala to visit the ruins of the former city wall and the Church of St. Nicholas.
Sights of Tbilisi
Overwhelming majority tourist routes starts from the Old Town (Qala). It is divided into two parts: Zamokala - Upper Town and Kvemokala - Lower Town. Today this is the most romantic district of Tbilisi, which has preserved its ancient monuments and is not disfigured by modern faceless buildings. Narrow streets paved with bricks, clay houses entwined with grapes, impregnable walls of the castle of Queen Darejan - all these are integral features of the historical character of the quarter. It is in the Old Town that the subtle spirit of the mysterious East hovers. Arabic motifs are evident in architectural bas-reliefs and ancient frescoes, carpet patterns and aromas of dishes generously seasoned with tart spices...
Abanotubani is a place worth visiting, if not for the purpose of treatment, then at least for the sake of mental relaxation. Tbilisi sulfur springs have been known since the 16th century. Over time, the underground springs were covered with stone domes made in the Arabic style. So the healing springs turned into health baths.
Rustaveli Avenue
Rustaveli Avenue is not the oldest, but it has become a legendary place in Tbilisi, which definitely should not be missed. The one and a half kilometer avenue planted with plane trees is decorated with a fountain, next to which it is easy to find a monument to Pushkin, as well as the building of the Rustaveli Theater. There is also the National Museum of Georgia, which is worth a visit because of its scandalous and controversial exhibition dedicated to the “Soviet occupation”.
Walking along Rustaveli Avenue you can look into Vorontsov Palace. An elegant white building in the Renaissance style appeared here in 1868 and was originally intended for the Tsar's governor in the Caucasus. By the way, the last resident of the palace was Stalin’s mother, Ekaterina Dzhugashvili.
Another interesting object Rustaveli Avenue - Melik-Azaryants apartment building. The gigantic structure was built before the revolution and was equipped with the latest technology. The basement floors of the house housed cozy coffee shops and entertainment venues. From the wall bas-reliefs of the building one can trace the tragic events in the life of the owner. For example, the plaster wreaths on the façade are reminiscent of the death of a rich man’s beloved daughter. The fate of Melik-Azaryants himself is sad. After the October Revolution, the building was nationalized, and the former owner was given a tiny closet in it. Today, this luxurious symbol of Tbilisi is gradually falling into disrepair. This is especially noticeable if you look at the house from the yard.
The avenue ends at Freedom Square. The place is famous for the fact that it is here that all sorts of political battles take place from time to time. If you are visiting the city for the first time, it would be a good idea to take a look at the former city hall building. It contains information tourist centre, where you can get the necessary information about local attractions and a map of Tbilisi.
The most ancient Orthodox church in Tbilisi that has survived to this day is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (Anchiskhati is the second name). The laconic, austere building, designed in the form of a basilica with three naves, was destroyed and rebuilt many times. The most ancient part of the interior decoration of the temple is the altarpiece, which was created in 1683.
Metekhi
One of the oldest settlements on the territory of modern Tbilisi is located on the banks of the Kura River, on a steep, sheer cliff. The Metekhi region originated under the first Georgian king Vakhtang Gorgasal, who erected his residence in this very place. In those immemorial times, the very word “metekhi” was used to describe the area around the palace.
For several centuries, the main decoration of the quarter was the Metekhi Church of the Mother of God. According to legend, Queen Tamara herself came here to pray. The church faced a difficult fate: in the 19th century, the building was given over to soldiers' barracks. The Soviet period also contributed to the destruction. The last internal partitions of the church were demolished already in 1974, and an experimental theater was located in the building itself. Only in 1988 the temple was completely restored and returned to the Orthodox Church.
Narikala Fortress
It is still unknown exactly when this large-scale fortress complex arose on Mount Mtsatminda. What is clear is that already in the 4th century. the walls of the Shuris-Tsikhe fortification (the first name of the structure) successfully held back the onslaught of enemy troops. For almost one and a half thousand years, the fortress was periodically occupied by either Arab or Mongol armies, which could not but affect the appearance of the buildings. Today travelers can see only remnants of Narikala's former grandeur. Unfortunately, most of the fortifications have been irretrievably lost. But on its territory, the Church of St. Nicholas, built in the 12th century, has been completely reconstructed.
Georgian Betania
Founded in the 11th century monastery Betania is one of the most successful examples of Georgian temple architecture. The building has been surprisingly preserved in its original form. What’s interesting is that the monastery remained active even during the Soviet era, although officially the monks were listed as caretakers of the church museum. You need to go to Betania to look at the ancient frescoes, icons and unique carved decorations of the altar of the monastery church.
The majestic temple appeared on the banks of the Kura River in the 6th century, receiving its name in honor of Mount Zion. Subsequently, the church building was destroyed by the Arab army, after which it was rebuilt. The Zion Cathedral houses one of the main shrines of the Georgian Orthodox Church- St. Nina's cross.
Cathedral Holy Trinity, the tallest temple in the country and the national symbol of modern Georgia is located in the Avlabari region. This is a new building in Tbilisi, around which scandalous rumors still persist. There is an opinion that the temple was erected on the site of an ancient Armenian cemetery. The territory of the ancient necropolis was cemented, and the remains and tombstones were simply disposed of.
The first church on the site of the modern temple appeared in the 6th century. Six centuries later, the first cathedral was built here, named in honor of St. George, who in the middle of the 18th century. replaced by a new building. Today's temple is the result of restoration work in 1910. The inside of the building is decorated with unique fresco paintings.
Caravanserai Atsruni
The oldest “shopping center” in Tbilisi was built in 1818. It housed more than two dozen shops, as well as numerous warehouses. Today, in the building of the caravanserai there is a modest museum exhibition that introduces guests to the history of the city. The rest of the area, as before, is occupied by retail outlets.
Botanical Garden
A reserve with rare and exotic plant species appeared in Tbilisi at the end of the 19th century. Today the garden area is 128 hectares, on which more than three and a half thousand representatives of the world of flora grow. There are convenient paths on its territory, and there are several artificial reservoirs. Those who wish can take a break and relax on the benches located in different parts of this unique park.
A 156-meter suspension bridge over the Kura River connects the Old City with the areas of modern Tbilisi. In the evenings, incredible transformations occur with the structure. A multi-level lighting system turns the building into a fantastic installation, shimmering with a million colorful lights.
Food and drinks: what to try in Tbilisi and where to do it best
Hiking, trips, excursions and outdoor recreation - all this satisfies cultural hunger, but, unfortunately, does not fill the stomach. But they deal with this problem very well local cafes. Traditional dishes Tbilisi, which can be ordered in any establishment, from a tiny eatery to a high-status restaurant, are khachapuri and khinkali flatbread.
There are many catering outlets in the Georgian capital, but not all of them deserve the authority of visitors. Among the locals, for example, the Kakhelebi restaurant is very popular. The small establishment is famous for its aromatic pastries and huge portions. Don’t be confused by the fact that the restaurant is quite small: the food here is excellent. Celebrities also like to visit Kakhelebi, so don’t be surprised if a “face from the cover” flashes at the next table. Excellent National cuisine and an amazing atmosphere await travelers at Gabriadze Cafe.
You can try traditional Georgian dishes prepared according to 19th century recipes at Barbarestan. The establishment is interesting for its authentic interior and high quality service. For a pleasant pastime, it is recommended to go to Tsiskvili. A restaurant with an interesting menu, intricate interior and rich entertainment program located far from the city center, on Beliashvili Street.
Having lunch in a Tbilisi restaurant and not ordering wine is a sign of bad manners, especially since the wines here are truly wonderful. And if the drink is also served in a clay bottle, you can assume that you have chosen the right establishment. Although it is better to get acquainted with the local wine list in special cellars, like “Vinoground” or g.Vino. You can eat “cheap and cheerful” in the so-called dukhans - small taverns that the residents of Tbilisi themselves adore. You shouldn’t expect a special atmosphere from such establishments, but here you can try real home cooking: simple and satisfying.
An option for those who want not only delicacies, but also live communication is the Deserter Market. Stroll around the food aisles, look at the delicious pyramids of churchkhela, mountains of candied fruits, cheeses, nuts and spices, and then buy what you like. By the way, it’s not forbidden to try a product “by heart” and bargain, so don’t be shy!
Shopping
Rarely will a tourist allow himself to return from a trip without gifts and souvenirs, especially since it is incredibly difficult to refuse shopping in Tbilisi. For standard shopping, large ones are suitable shopping centers, for example, “East Point” or “Tbilisi Mall”. There are enough boutiques of European brands in the city. Their prices are usually inflated, so it is worth shopping only during seasonal sales.
Those who are interested in authentic souvenirs can take a stroll through the flea market near the Dry Bridge. It’s easy to get hold of unusual interior items, antique icons or ancient Georgian daggers (which in fact may not be that old). An interesting souvenir shop is located on Rustaveli Street. The quality of the goods in the shop differs significantly from market “analogues”, as do the prices.
You shouldn't leave Tbilisi without taking a couple of bottles of wine with you. To avoid possible disappointments, buy the drink in specialized stores, some of which are located on the street. Leselidze. Lovers of national jewelry are recommended to visit the Tbilisi Gold Exchange. This is where you can find the famous minankari. Well, for those who are concerned about searching for an original carpet, the direct route is to Caucasian Carpets Gallery.
Where to stay in Tbilisi
The issue of housing in Tbilisi is easily resolved. If your travel budget is unlimited, then you can afford a luxurious holiday in five-star hotels such as Ambassadori, Hotels & Preference Hualing Tbilisi, Radisson Blu Iveria Hotel. A standard double room will cost from 415 to 540 GEL/day. For those looking for more modest offers, three-star options await you: Flamingo Group Hotel, Rustaveli Hotel, Diamond Hotel. The cost of a double room in such places ranges from 62-125 GEL. Those who like reasonable savings will have to choose hostels and guest houses, like Envoy Hostel, Guest House Chubini, Blue Palm, etc.
Sometimes travelers prefer not to waste time searching for a suitable hotel and simply rent accommodation from local population(entire apartment or room). This option has its advantages: you can always bargain with the owner of the house and lower the price a little.
When choosing a place to stay, it is worth considering that in Tbilisi, as in any other tourist place, the most expensive housing is located in historical center cities. Sometimes the price of a hotel room even includes beautiful view from the balcony. At the same time, a room with windows facing the courtyard will cost significantly less.
Transport
Tbilisi has its own metro, which has two lines. To use its services, you will have to get a Metromoney smart card and, if necessary, top up its balance. The second common type of local transport is buses and minibuses. You can board the first ones at official stops, but minibuses will have to be stopped by yourself, with a wave of your hand. The main thing is to have time to do this in advance, before the car rushes past you.
In Tbilisi, the names of all bus stops and metro stations are written strictly in Georgian, without Russian transcription. So, going to independent travel around the city, it is better to check the route with local residents. The second option is to first learn the Georgian alphabet.
An option for those who can afford to fork out a little is a taxi. By the way, it is not customary here to equip your car with a meter, so it is better to agree on payment in advance. Feel free to bargain and argue: most of the drivers are local residents who simply earn extra money as a private driver.
Travelers who do not want to depend on city transport can rent a car. The service is provided by several rental companies (Geo Rent Car, Avis, Hertz, Luxury Car Rental), whose offices are located at the airport, as well as large hotels. On average, renting a car will cost from 116 GEL. By the way, traffic jams in Tbilisi are a common phenomenon, and parking is mostly paid (2-3 GEL/day).
To get acquainted with the picturesque views from Mount Mtatsminda, it is better to take the funicular. This vehicle appeared in Tbilisi back in 1903 and is a unique landmark of the city.
How to get there
There are two ways to get to the capital of Georgia - by plane and by bus. Tbilisi is connected to Moscow by regular direct flights from Vnukovo, Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo. Transportation is carried out by Georgian Airways, Aeroflot and S7. On average, the flight takes just over two and a half hours.
Connecting flights (with transfers) are offered by Russian S7, Latvian Air Baltic, Greek Ellinair and Belarusian Belavia. You can go to Tbilisi not only from Moscow, but also from St. Petersburg. Departures from the Northern capital are carried out by Aeroflot, LOT Polish Airlines, Belavia and S7. Travel time is 6 hours or more.
Once a week a bus leaves from Moscow to Tbilisi. The trip takes about 36 hours excluding stops.
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Tbilisi is divided into districts. From an architectural and historical point of view, the most significant are,. Interesting areas - , Chugureti, . Newly built areas (19-20 centuries) – Ortachala, Eliya, Saburtalo, Didube, Nadzaladevi.
The fate of Tbilisi is not much different from the historical fate of Georgia itself. The city was visited by Persians, Arabs, Seljuk Turks and other invaders. The city was built, destroyed and rebuilt again, but after the Persian invasion in 1795 it virtually ceased to exist. The current appearance of Tbilisi was formed already in the era of the Russian Empire, throughout Soviet period, and ended with the creation of individual urban facilities in the 21st century.
The Russian administration restored it, called Qala (in Arabic, fortress), on the preserved foundations. Borders medieval city were defined by fortress walls and historical ruins were restored here - the first city building, a stone basilica, a temple, as well as other temples that were located outside the fortress walls. Residential buildings were mostly restored from the foundations, but the buildings themselves acquired a modern look for the 19th century, and national elements in the form of open carved balconies were introduced by contemporary architects. Thanks to them, a special architectural style appeared in old Tbilisi, which came from the south, where the climate was hot, where people spent a significant part of their lives on wooden balconies. This is explained by the fact that, together with Count M.S. Vorontsov, who became the governor of the Caucasus, came from Odessa, Giovanni Scudieri, who was appointed to the post of Tiflis city architect.
In addition to the restoration of the Old Town, since the beginning of the nineteenth century new town with a rectangular network of streets with houses (late classicism style). These were hotels, apartment buildings, administrative buildings, as well as houses of the Georgian nobility and wealthy citizens.
In this regard, Tiflis was usually divided into two parts: old, or Asian, and new, or European. The Asian part is characterized by crowded buildings, crooked narrow streets, and labyrinths. The newly built and, as well as the left bank part of the city (Chugureti), where officials and German colonists mainly lived (in the Middle Ages these were the villages of Kukia, Chugureti, Didube), became truly European metropolitan areas with wide avenues and boulevards, gardens and parks.
The third part of the current capital arose during Soviet times during the construction of the city in new territories. At this time, the first blocks of integrated development were being created in the city. The 21st century has brought its own avant-garde developments to the appearance of Tbilisi: Avlabari Residence, House of Justice, Tsminda Sameba (Trinity Cathedral).
