Holidays in Estonia. What are the main tourist centers in Estonia? Let's get to know them better Estonia tourism

For a Russian traveler they are not something exotic and qualitatively new - rather, they are a kind of version of Russian reality. Calmer, more relaxed and more conducive to rest and relaxation.

It is worth noting the main points why you should visit Estonia:

It is close - from St. Petersburg by car or bus the road to Estonia takes several hours.

Estonia is a beautiful country with a huge number of attractions - the tourist centers of Estonia annually amaze a large number of tourists who do not expect anything special from their trip.

It is relatively easy to obtain a visa to Estonia.

Prices in Estonia are low - both by European standards and by ours. In recent years, there has been a trend towards purchasing housing in this country - people are buying apartments and houses just to come there for a summer vacation.

What are the main tourist centers in Estonia? Let's get to know them better

It is quite difficult to single out centers in Estonia - Estonia itself is a center for recreation and tourism. Tallinn, its surroundings, Narva, Pärnu, Haapsalu, Laulasmaa, Prangle, Otepää and many others - each town is attractive in its own way.

Capital Tallinn- the embodiment of a real fairy-tale city - just walk through the Old Town, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It seems impossible not to love this city! Ancient temples, cathedrals, the Town Hall, numerous museums and even more numerous houses - all this creates a unique aura of true Medieval urban charm. An endless number of excursions, which is noteworthy, many of them are conducted in Russian; in large cities, the majority of the population speaks it. This is especially true for the older generation, although young people also often surprise tourists with their excellent pronunciation and vocabulary.

However, it won’t be too difficult for you to find your way around Tallinn - at numerous tourist offices you can pick up a map of the city and get to know it on your own. It can be even more exciting than an excursion!

Tartu, a fairly large city by Estonian standards, is also of great interest to those interested in history. And just those who appreciate beauty in all its manifestations. Tartu can easily be put on a par with the most beautiful and ancient cities in Europe. Museums, ancient houses, and the very atmosphere of the city are conducive to long walks.

The famous Narva is practically a small Russia on the territory of Estonia - both adults and children will understand you here. A calm and quiet corner in picturesque surroundings, a number of historical buildings, ancient factories, a museum, a castle - the standard content for a small town in Estonia. If you are tired of big city life and want a change of pace, come to Narva! For residents of small Russian towns, a holiday in Narva may seem boring and monotonous; they usually come here for a couple of days or even just passing through.

It may seem that everywhere in Estonia there are only attractions. This is only partly true - there are beach resorts in Estonia, which also offer excursions and interesting places. For example, Narva - Jõesuu is a picturesque place with pine forests and sandy beaches where tourists love to spend time. Lovers of spa treatments - therapeutic and simply relaxing and restorative - also come there from all over the country, as well as from other European countries. The resort is located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, very close to Narva, which allows vacationers to combine a cultural program with a beach holiday.

If you find yourself in Estonia in winter, you should definitely go for at least a few days to the town of Otepää, which rightfully bears the title of one of the best winter places in the country. For winter sports lovers, this place is a godsend! And, of course, you are in Estonia! - you will find the ruins of an ancient castle, museums and a lot of interesting things. Otepää is also famous for its spa resorts, which traditionally offer treatments for every taste.

In Estonia there are a number of smaller, but no less interesting places - Haapsalu with its healing mud and beaches with the warmest water, the island of Prangli, where time has stood still, preserving all the best from ancient times, Laulasmaa with its legendary singing sands, Pärnu, which has been welcoming guests to its spa resorts since the mid-19th century.

As you can see, Estonia is extremely interesting for tourists, anyone can visit there - the process of filling out documents is not too tedious, and it’s not far away. Many people choose this country for a honeymoon (photos even from non-professional photographers turn out simply amazing because of the local color) or for the first trip with a small child - due to the fact that there is no dramatic climate change, children tolerate the trip easily and rarely get sick.

Interesting holidays are held in Estonia- each region has its own customs, but it’s interesting to visit everywhere - many tourists speak especially warmly about the celebration of Fisherman’s Day - Estonian fishermen prepare real fish soup in large pots and treat everyone with it.

Almost the entire territory of Estonia has excellent conditions for those who like to ride a bicycle or for those who enjoy walking; for more extreme-minded guests of the country, kayaking and canoeing can be offered on numerous rivers.

Contrary to the emerging opinion that Russians are not liked in Estonia, tourists who vacation there every year, on the contrary, say that local residents have a very complacent attitude not only towards Russians, but towards tourists in general.

Olga Stepanova

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Once part of the USSR, and now a member of the EU and NATO, this country still attracts tourists. Mostly from the former Soviet republics and Russia. Of course, Russians spoiled by Turkey may think that there is “nothing to do in Estonia,” but in fact this country is worth visiting at least once in your life.

And the cold Baltic can be welcoming!

7 big advantages of holidaying in Estonia - why you need to go there?

Why go to Estonia? Anyone who has already been there will probably be able to easily answer this question.

Well, for the attention of those who are just planning to visit – 7 main reasons to visit this country:

First of all, nature. Nature reserves and islands, the Baltic Sea coast, beautiful pine groves and, of course, sandy beaches. In addition, in small Estonia they are very concerned about the environment, and vacation here is not only pleasant, but also useful.
Sea. Yes, it’s cold, but it certainly attracts both tourists and locals. Walking through the streets of a new city is wonderful, but if you can also swim in the sea, that’s absolutely wonderful!
Attractions. It is worth noting that there really is something to see in Estonia. First of all, these are medieval castles that have been preserved since the times of the famous crusader knights. In addition, tourists will be interested in old churches, mills and other historical monuments. Of course, special significance is given to the museum city of Tallinn.
Low prices. In this country, everyone has long switched to the euro, but in comparison with other European countries, in Estonia the price level is much lower. Unless, of course, you take into account individual “tourist traps”. In short, this country is a real paradise for shopaholics and simply thrifty people.
Public transport. If you travel independently and without a car, you can easily get to any city in Estonia - the transport component in Estonia today is at an excellent level, and the entire country is covered by bus routes. Moreover, all buses run regularly, are inexpensive, and the trip itself does not take much time.
Free Internet – almost everywhere. If necessary, you can connect to it anywhere in the country. If there is no signal, then you need to walk 500 m in any direction and find it (Wi-Fi is available here even “in the swamps”).
Most of the population speaks our native language. That is, in Russian. The rest, even if they don’t speak, understand. Therefore, you will not have language problems.
Local kitchen. The food here is hearty and simple, but surprisingly tasty and memorable. The most popular drink in the country is beer.
Night Estonia. The country doesn’t go to sleep when the sun sets – life here is in full swing, and even Finns come here to experience the “degree” of nightlife. Of course, this does not apply to Estonian villages - entertainment should be sought in Tartu and Tallinn.

Estonia for tourists: main attractions and interesting excursions

If you wish and have free time, you can see all the sights of Estonia in 3-4 days.

But if you only have a day or two to relax, then you need to start with the most important objects and places of the country, including the islands that can be seen during a boat trip.

So, what is definitely worth seeing in Estonia - and, of course:

Bishop's Castle. It is considered the only one in all the Baltic countries that has preserved its original medieval appearance. This building was erected back in the 13th century. Today, in the castle museum, guests of the country can see the exhibition of the Saarem Museum.
Tallinn Town Hall. This landmark, which was first mentioned back in 1322, has been around for over 600 years. The town hall was reconstructed a little later - in the 15th century.
Lahemaa National Park. The word “lahemaa” in translation sounds like the land of bays. In this fantastic place, a third of which is covered by the sea and two thirds by forests, the very first Estonian national park was founded back in 1971.
Castle in Rakvere. This landmark, which you will find in the north of the country, was built by the Danes at the beginning of the 13th century. The very first renovation work was carried out only in 1988.
Kadriorg. The construction of this palace and park ensemble began in 1718 by decree of Tsar Peter the 1st, who, according to legend, laid 3 bricks into the castle wall with his own hands. These famous bricks were even left unplastered. This castle is also famous for the fact that Peter and Catherine lived in it for some time.
Museum of the Occupation. This building is dedicated to the “occupation regime” under which Estonia was from 1941 to 1990. This landmark is still considered controversial even in Estonian society. What can we say about tourists from Russia?
Fat Margaret Tower. This architectural monument (note: defensive structure) dates back to the 16th century and is one of the most famous symbols of Tallinn. The diameter of this tower is 24 m, and the walls are almost five meters thick. Today it houses the Maritime Museum.
Bronze soldier. Initially, this monument, which is dedicated to the soldiers who died during the Second World War (approx. - more than 280,000 Soviet soldiers gave their lives for the liberation of this country), stood in the center of the city, but after serious discussions it was moved to the outskirts.
Tallinn. The city itself is a historical monument with a history of more than 800 years. Here tourists' photographic lenses will find ancient towers and churches, the city fortress wall, numerous cathedrals and temples.

What excursion is worth going on in Estonia?

As for excursions, here you can seek help from professionals, or go explore the sights on your own.

And travelers with a personal car will be able to visit even the most hidden corners of this country and get aesthetic pleasure.

Among the most interesting excursions are the following:

Northern Estonia. It is better to start this car-pedestrian route from the capital and further to Lake Peipsi and the surprisingly cozy city of Haapsalu. You can rent a car directly in Tallinn, but after you have explored the capital itself on foot (seeing it by car is blasphemy). In the Lower/Upper Town you should definitely see the Dome Cathedral and Toompea Castle, the romantic garden of the Danish King and Town Hall Square, as well as the Rotermann Quarter and, of course, Kadriorg Park. 1 day is enough for such a walk. If you wish, you can take a guide with you and listen to ominous stories about city ghosts. Next you will go to the Jägala waterfall, 30 minutes from Tallinn (the widest waterfall in the country) and Valaste, to the Viru swamps and the famous Lake Peipus, to the most powerful Estonian waterfall Keila Joa, etc. The final destination Haapsalu will surprise you with its atmosphere and cozy streets . Here you will see the Bishop's Castle and the Witch's Tower, the Padise Monastery (next to the city) and the Wooden Station, famous for its steam locomotive museum. On the territory of the monastery you can take part in folk festivities and listen to stories about the romantic ghost of the White Lady.
With a guide - to the waterfalls. If you are not interested in sights and you are a fan of natural beauty, then you can go with a guide exclusively to waterfalls. Such an excursion is especially relevant in winter, when traveling without a guide can be dangerous. In winter, the waterfalls turn into real ice caves, but do not lose their beauty.
Southern sights. On this excursion, tourists are introduced to the sights of Tartu. This city is simply bustling with holidays and festivals, tourists and ghost stories. Be sure to take a photo at the Crooked House and near the Kisses Monument. Children will surely enjoy the Toy Museum, and men will enjoy the Beer Museum and the Sauna on a raft that floats along the Emajõgi River. Nature lovers will also enjoy the excursion, because the southern part of the country is also home to meteorite craters and a cave with a giant colony of bats.
Tartu- the cradle of the Song Festival, as well as the national theater and, oddly enough, parliamentarism. On this excursion you will see the Adavere mill 120 km from the city and the beauty of the South Estonian granary, the Old Town with the Town Hall Square and the local Leaning Tower of Pisa. Get acquainted with one of the oldest and most prestigious European Universities, in the key building of which you will find a punishment cell for unruly students. On Vyshgorod you will find the Angels' Bridge and astronomy, as well as the city's monuments. But in an old coffee shop near the University you can refresh yourself with wonderful local Britto cakes and delicious aromatic tea. Well, after that – the Botanical Garden and (don’t miss) the Singing Field.

If the excursion is on your own, you don’t need a guide, and you have children with you, then don’t forget to take a ride with the children on the Thomas the Tank Engine, check out the zoo and Kalev Spa (approx. - water park, about 47 euros), the Marzipan Museum and, of course, Pokumaarke Trails park (about 9 euros), where you can feed the animals, have fun on the obstacle course or in the Viking village, climb the observation tower, and ride a horse.

And if you wish, try Viking food and learn more about their weapons.

Where to go in Estonia – Tallinn and more

Of course, Estonia simply cannot compete with Turkey or Egypt. And yet, this is an extremely interesting and very beautiful country for a holiday with children or a vacation that you need to heal and strengthen the body (note: Estonia is a famous balneological health resort).

The main thing is to know when to go.

Summer, it is worth noting, is very cool here - and winter, on the contrary, is warm. Therefore, the ideal time for a vacation is still considered to be when you can go to Christmas markets, drink mulled wine and buy Christmas designer souvenirs.

But if the cold Baltic doesn’t scare you, then you can go in the summer.

Where to go?

It all depends on what exactly you are looking for from your holiday...

To Parnu– to a seaside resort, which is chosen for its first-class hotels with excellent service, beaches and the opportunity for a relaxing holiday with children.
To the western outskirts of Tallinn , where you will find Rocca al Mare (note - ethnographic museum under the open sky).
Kuressaare. Lovers of holidays on the islands can come here. Here you will find everything you need for a holiday with children, including warm water in a shallow, quickly warming bay.
Narva-Joyesuu. This modern resort once grew out of an ordinary fishermen's village. Here you can relax on the beach or take care of your health. True, 2 km from the city you can stumble upon a nudist beach, so it’s better not to wander around the outskirts with kids.
Laulasmaa. On this “singing land” you will find long-awaited silence, the absence of crowds of tourists and a private, fully equipped beach.
For SPA you should go to Haapsalu, Pärnu or Pyhajärve (note – healing mud and air thoroughly saturated with the aroma of pine needles and iodine). But in search of mineral springs you should go to Saarema, Värska or Narva-Joesuu.
Do you like alpine skiing? There are such resorts in Estonia! For example, Kutiorg or the area around Otepää, as well as (for beginners) Ansomagi and Kuutsemäe.
If the children want to go to the zoo , it is better to go to Tallinn (it is the only one in the country located there). Birds and ungulates can also be seen at Ranna Ranch, and ostriches can be seen in Laasu.
If you need a water park for complete happiness , remember - they are all located on hotel grounds. The most notable are: Tervis Paradise (this one in Pärnu), Auru in Tartu, as well as Aqua in Rakvere, the above-mentioned Kalev spa and, of course, Spa Hotell Rüütli, located in Kuressaare.

Where to live in Estonia?

When choosing your vacation rental, you have several options.

You can stay…

At the Grange(note - estates, castles, farmsteads). That is, in one of the historical monuments actively used in the hotel and tourism industry. For example, on the island of Muhu, at Villa Ammende in Pärnu or in Sagadi. Prices are quite modest by European standards.
In a hotel or guest house. For example, in Malvasta for 26 euros/day (most likely for students) or at the Three Sisters hotel for 993 euros (suite 5*).
At the motel. Why not? If you are by car, it is much easier to find a place to stay overnight right along the highway. For example, in Aksi near Tartu for 19 euros/day or in Konsa near Pärnu for 40-60 euros.
In a private hotel. That is, on a farm or in a private home. For example, in the Vetevana farm for 8 euros/day or in the Jaanimäe farm for 18 euros (but with breakfast and amenities).
In a holiday home outside the city. For example, in Silla for 10 euros “from the nose” (4 places) or in Kaldu for 390 euros for 12 people (that is, for the whole house).
At the hostel. Quite an adequate option for a student (about 10 euros/night).
At the campsite. The most budget option. For example, on the territory of the Conse motel for 11-13 euros, on the territory of Axi for 7 euros or elsewhere for 3-20 euros. There you can cook food, do laundry, and check your mail.

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Charming Estonia offers holidays on the picturesque Baltic coast and relaxation on the lake shores, an eventful excursion and treatment at mineral springs. Ancient Tallinn, resort Pärnu and the island of Saaremaa - all about Estonia: visa, map, tours, prices and reviews.

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Holidays in Estonia have a number of obvious advantages: proximity to Russia (you can get here in a few hours by bus from St. Petersburg), the process of obtaining a visa is not too complicated, the absence of a language barrier (in large cities almost everyone speaks Russian), and a high level of service. And the Estonian “excursion” is generally beyond praise: it’s even surprising how so many attractions fit into such a small country. Finally, in the summer you can sunbathe, swim, and at the same time improve your health.

All of Estonia is one big resort: hotels and sanatoriums are springing up wherever there are suitable conditions. Lovers of a quiet and secluded holiday can have a good rest on the islands, as well as on farms and farms in the Estonian “outback”. The country's entry into Schengen did not make obtaining a visa a more complicated procedure (however, it did not simplify it), but it opened the borders of many European countries to its guests.

Regions and resorts of Estonia

Time difference from Moscow

no in winter −1 hour

with Kaliningrad

with Samara

with Yekaterinburg

with Omsk

with Krasnoyarsk

with Irkutsk

with Yakutsk

with Vladivostok

from Severo-Kurilsk

with Kamchatka

Climate

The weather in Estonia is subject to the whims of the Baltic. The climate here is temperate, moving from maritime to continental. The west coast is slightly warmer than the southwest, but overall the temperature difference is not significant. Winters are most often mild and snowy, but the local weather has seven Fridays a week: clear sunshine can suddenly give way to gusty winds and prickly rain. Most precipitation falls in autumn, but an umbrella will come in handy at the end of August. Spring is gray and cool, summer is warm, but not stuffy (winds from the Baltic Sea save you from the heat).

Officially, the swimming season lasts from June to August, but it is more comfortable to swim from mid-July: shallow coastal waters warm up to +20...+25 °C by this time.

Visa and customs

Estonia is a member of the Schengen Agreement. A visa and travel health insurance are required to visit the country.

The import and export of foreign currency is not limited, but amounts over 10,000 EUR must be declared. There are no restrictions on the import of personal items; meat and dairy products are prohibited. You can carry 200 cigarettes or 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or 250 g of tobacco. Customs will allow 1 liter of strong drinks (with an alcohol content of more than 22°) or 2 liters with an alcohol content of less than 22°, 4 liters of wine and 16 liters of beer. You can take 50 ml of perfume or 250 ml of eau de toilette with you. Medicines - in the quantity necessary for personal use, baby and medical food - up to 2 kg per person (packages must be sealed). The import of drugs, weapons, explosives, pornography and any counterfeit goods is strictly prohibited. Cultural property exported from Estonia must be accompanied by official certificates. Prices on the page are for October 2018.

Tax free

Shopping in Estonia can become 20% more profitable if you meet all the conditions of the Tax free system. This is not difficult to do: just make purchases worth at least 39 EUR in stores marked with appropriate signs and ask the seller for two receipts - a regular cash receipt and a special one, with a list of purchased goods, indicating VAT rates and the buyer’s personal data. All this will be needed at customs at the airport: unpacked goods will be inspected, a Tax Free check will be stamped, and at the Global Blue office they will give you the required amount in cash or arrange a bank transfer.

How to get to Estonia

The largest airport in Estonia, Tallinn Airport, is located within the capital, just 4 km from its historical center. Direct flights from Moscow are operated only by Aeroflot, departure from Sheremetyevo, you will spend 1 hour 40 minutes in the air. Getting there with one transfer is a little more profitable: Air Baltic has routes with a connection in Riga, the journey duration is from 3 hours 20 minutes. LOT, UTair, Es Seven and other carriers organize flights with two transfers, the journey takes from 5.5 hours, connections in Riga, St. Petersburg, Vilnius and other European cities.

There are no direct flights from St. Petersburg to Tallinn. Air Baltic flies via Riga (from 3 hours in the air), Norra and Finnair - via Helsinki (from 7 hours), Scandinavian Airlines - via Stockholm (from 4 hours), LOT - via Warsaw (from 20 hours).

You can also get to the Estonian capital by land. The Baltic Express runs between Moscow and Tallinn, starting from Leningradsky Station and taking 15.5 hours to reach its destination. Tickets in a reserved seat - 80 EUR, in a compartment - 95 EUR. You can also take the same train in St. Petersburg, at the Moskovsky station: the trip will cost 40 EUR and 50 EUR, respectively. Ecolines buses also depart from both Russian capitals to Tallinn: tickets from Moscow - 55 EUR, from St. Petersburg - 20 EUR, schedule and details - at the office. carrier's website.

Search for flights to Estonia

To Estonia by car

You can also get to Estonia by car (just under 8 hours drive from St. Petersburg) through the checkpoints of Narva, Pechora and Luhamaa. However, keep in mind that there may be a long queue at the border.

Information about border checkpoints: Pärnu is located at the same distance from the checkpoint of Narva and Kunichnaya Gora (which is near Pskov), but the queue is traditionally much shorter at Kunichnaya Gora. But on the way back, you can reserve your place in the queue on the GoSwift website. Reservations can be made 90 days in advance. Next, the procedure is simple - drive up to Narva, go to the “station” (turn right immediately after the first gas station when entering the city, and look for a small sign on the left hand side on the concrete fence). As soon as the reservation number is displayed, go to the window, go through the necessary procedures and after that go directly to the checkpoint. Don't forget to take out Green Card insurance in advance.

Transport

The main means of transportation between Estonian cities is the train. The railway network is maintained by Elron (office site), the rolling stock has recently been updated: the seats are now soft, there are blackout curtains on the windows, Wi-Fi is available in the cars. Tickets are sold at the box office and online, and electronic tickets do not need to be printed: special machines read them directly from the display.

A trip from the capital to Tartu will cost from 10.50 EUR, to Narva - from 11.40 EUR.

An alternative to trains is buses: intercity transport strictly follows a schedule and stops in the centers of all settlements. The largest carriers are Sebe, Lux Express (office site), Simple Express (office site). The cost of a trip from Tallinn to Pärnu is 6-9 EUR, to Haapsalu - 8 EUR.

Ferries operate between numerous Estonian islands. Ticket prices range from 3-4 EUR depending on the distance, standard surcharge for a car is 10 EUR.

Public transport within cities

Buses operate in most Estonian cities; there are also trolleybuses and trams in the capital. Tickets are sold at kiosks (1 EUR) and from drivers (2 EUR); it is more profitable to purchase reusable electronic cards (from 3 EUR) and top them up with the required amount. By the way, Tallinn residents themselves use public transport completely free of charge.

Tourists rarely need taxis in Estonia: most attractions are located within walking distance of each other. However, you can always catch a car on the street or call by phone, the average tariff for landing is 2 EUR, for each km - 0.50-1 EUR, at night - twice as expensive.

Bicycles are rented out in specialized showrooms and large hotels. The 1st hour of rental costs from 1.60 EUR, each subsequent hour - from 1.40 EUR, a day - from 10 EUR (plus a required deposit - 100 EUR). The trip will be as eventful as possible if you pick up a brochure with detailed cycling routes from the travel agency.

Rent a Car

If traveling around Estonia is not limited to Tallinn, renting a car is a very good solution. In the capital, the old center is given over to pedestrians; attractions are located close to each other. But beyond its borders there is complete freedom of movement: the roads are good, ferries deliver cars to the large islands.

Rental offices are located at the airport and big cities, the most popular are Alamo, Inter Rent, addCar, Prime Car Rent. Cars are rented to drivers over 19 years of age with insurance and an international license valid for more than a year. Some companies charge additional rates for customers under 25 years of age. In addition to the rental fee, you will need to pay a deposit (about 450 EUR) from a bank card. The cost of renting a standard car is from 35 EUR, a station wagon - from 40 EUR, a premium model or SUV - from 70 EUR per day. Gasoline costs 1.10-1.20 EUR per liter; when returning the car you will have to fill up a full tank.

Fines for violating traffic rules are severe: from 70 EUR for talking on a mobile phone to 1200 EUR for speeding or drunk driving.

Traffic jams only occur in the capital, where it is most difficult to find a parking space. Most parking lots in the centers of large cities are paid and equipped with parking meters. You can leave a car for an hour for 0.60-5 EUR, depending on the area.

Communications and Wi-Fi

Using Estonian SIM cards is quite profitable. The key players in the mobile communications market are Tele2, EMT and Elisa; it is most convenient for tourists to connect the so-called conversational SIM cards (konekaart), the activation of which does not require any special formalities. They are sold at gas stations, supermarkets and kiosks of the R-kiosk network and cost from 2-3 EUR. If you wish, you can choose an additional package with Internet traffic for 4-10 EUR.

Calls to your home country with an EMT operator will cost 0.50 EUR per minute; Tele2 has a special “Russia” tariff for 5 EUR with 50 minutes of calls included for a month.

You can no longer find payphones on the streets of Estonian cities: they were eliminated as unnecessary back in 2010. But there are no problems with the Internet: unlimited free Wi-Fi is available at the airport, restaurants, hotels and many public places in large cities and resorts.

Money

The country's currency is the Euro (EUR), 1 euro equals 100 eurocents. Current rate: 1 EUR = 73 RUB.

It is best to go to Estonia with euros in your pocket: rubles are exchanged here, but the exchange rate is not very attractive. Dollars are accepted at all banks and exchange offices Eurex, Tavid and Monex, located everywhere: at the airport, hotels, large shopping malls, and railway stations. The most favorable rates are usually in banks; many exchangers charge a commission for transactions.

Tipping is voluntary: you can always thank an attentive waiter with 5-10% of the bill, but no one will judge you for paying strictly according to the check.

Estonian banks are open on weekdays from 9:00 to 18:00; exchange offices often work longer. Some financial institutions are also open on Saturdays (until lunch), but Sundays are closed everywhere. Credit cards of common payment systems are accepted in both large stores and small souvenir shops. There are ATMs even in the outback, and they are safe to use: credit card fraud is rare in Estonia.

The Baltic countries have always been a mysterious and alluring foreign country for the Soviet citizen. This was practically the only accessible piece of Europe, the point of contact between the Soviet and foreign life and Catholic culture. In the last two decades, when Russia and the Baltic countries proudly hung the labels of independence on themselves and turned their backs on each other, mutual interest and tourism excitement waned. And only thanks to the family relationships and friendship of people, through which it is impossible to draw political boundaries, the flame of belonging of our countries to each other flickered. However, recently, a favorable trend has begun to be observed among Russian tourists: more and more people have become interested in the history, culture, sights and traditions of neighboring countries. Among them, Estonia takes its place of honor.

This small and close Europe receives several million tourists every year. Estonia has something to tell and show. In addition to its medieval cities with tiled roofs, Gothic churches, cathedrals and ancient knightly castles, this country is famous for its seaside resorts and health resorts, beautiful beaches and numerous corners of untouched wilderness.

Keila Waterfall - Estonia

The ancient capital of the country

The capital of the country, Tallinn, is rightfully considered a remarkable pearl of Estonia. The city consists of Toompea, located on a hill, Vyshgorod and the Lower Town. The heart of Tallinn is the Town Hall Square, which during the Christmas holidays becomes the center of attraction throughout Estonia. Here the Christmas tree is decorated and round dances are held, a cheerful, colorful fair takes place here, and artists perform. The Tallinn Town Hall itself is a perfectly preserved medieval building that is over 600 years old.

Among the Estonian churches, the most famous in Tallinn are the Dome Cathedral, founded in 1219, as well as the Gothic Oleviste Church, 159 m high, which at the beginning of the 16th century was considered the tallest building in the world. 6 km from the city are the ruins of the majestic, medieval monastery of St. Birgitta.

The modern Parliament of the Republic of Estonia is located in one of the medieval castles on Toompea Hill. This heritage of the Teutonic Knights was built in the 13th-14th centuries. But on the estate that belonged to our compatriot, Count Orlov-Davydov, there is now the historical museum of Tallinn, Maarjamägi.

City of Haapsalu

Another Tallinn museum with a characteristic maritime theme is located in the huge Fat Margaret armory tower, next to which is the Great Sea Gate, which in ancient times served to protect and defend the country from the sea. In addition, in Tallinn there is also the Museum of Applied Arts and the Estonian Art Museum, the Workers' Basement, an open-air museum and a nature museum.

Among the architectural “unusualities” of the city, it is also worth noting the House of the Brotherhood of Blackheads, which is located on the oldest street, Pikk, which was paved in the 15th century; “staircase street” Lyuhike Jalg (“Short Leg”), a monument to the fallen sailors of the battleship “Rusalka”, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland; a luxurious park ensemble and a palace in the Baroque style - Ekaterinenthal, now called Kardiorg and is the residence of the President of Estonia.

And this is not all that can be seen in the capital. It is not surprising that the center of Tallinn, the Old Town, was included by UNESCO in the list of World Heritage of Humanity.

Notable cities of Estonia

However, Tallinn is not the only city in Estonia worthy of tourist attention. In the north-west of the country is the famous resort city of Haapsalu, which was chosen by Estonian artists. Haapsalu is located 100 km from Tallinn, but you won’t be able to get to the city quickly, because it will be impossible not to stop to admire the natural attractions of these places, Cape Hamlet and the Keila-Joa waterfall. This waterfall is one of the largest and most beautiful in Estonia, and is also a symbolic place for newlyweds. On their wedding day, the newlyweds hang locks on the railings of the suspension bridge here.

The city of Haapsalu itself, located on a peninsula, washed by the Baltic Sea, was a favorite hospital and vacation spot for the St. Petersburg nobility back in the days of Tsarist Russia. The resort is decorated with a carved wooden structure - the Kurhaus, created by the German architect Knupffer. This establishment, although translated from German as “place, hall for treatment,” in its functionality, has long become more of a place of leisure and entertainment, with a restaurant, library, concert venue and hotel rooms.

Estonia is a country of legends and fairy tales, where literally every ancient building has its own mysterious history. Haapsalu Castle, which has been the residence of the Western Bishop since the 13th century, was no exception. They say that this castle is home to the ghost of the White Lady, who, according to legend, was walled up here in one of the walls during the Inquisition.

In eastern Estonia lies Narva, a city with a rich historical heritage and medieval architecture. Narva Castle (or Hermann Castle), founded here by the Danes in the 13th century, is now a historical museum. In Narva, it is worth seeing the Baroque Town Hall, medieval fortifications, the Orthodox Resurrection Cathedral and the Krenholm Manufactory. You can relax after excursions near Narva by visiting the wonderful resort town of Narva-Jõesuu, in a pine forest on the Narva River.

Tartu is a beautiful city in the south of the country with numerous parks and beautiful views of the Emõjõgi River, and is one of the most important cultural centers in Estonia. Here is one of the oldest universities in Europe, founded in 1632, an observatory, numerous museums, including the Estonian Sports Museum, Zoology Museum, Ethnographic, Geological Museums and the Toy Museum. There are also bridges with unusual names, such as the Bridge of Sighs and the Bridges of Angels and Devils.

Resort cities

The most famous resort towns in Estonia are Värska and Laulasmaa. Värska has numerous healing springs, mineral water and freshwater mud with a high content of hydrogen sulfide. And the resort of Laulasmaa will delight guests even with the most demanding tastes. The romantic, picturesque landscapes of this place, along with a harbor for expensive yachts and golf courses, together with first-class health resorts, will be a worthy alternative to the expensive resorts of Europe.

The Estonian island of Saaremaa and the resort of Pärnu in the Baltic Sea are inseparable from the now popular concept of “ecotourism”. Lovers of wild holidays who want to dissolve in living nature, untouched by civilization, have long become ardent fans of these places. In general, Estonia has more than 1,000 small, uninhabited islands for those who want to retire. But for those who want to relax and receive treatment in comfort, all conditions have been created in the country. Since 1838, the Pärnu resort has been welcoming holidaymakers and providing them with traditional European services. Guests can enjoy day and night entertainment, festivals, concerts, windsurfing, tennis, yachting and canoeing. The island of Saaremaa, in addition to all the above pleasures, offers excursions to the Kaali meteorite lake, formed in a giant crater, tourist farms, where after horseback riding and fishing you can steam in the sauna and drink delicious home-made beer.

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Well, the exclusive alcohol route recently organized in Estonia, in the county of Virumaa, may not be of interest, especially to men. In addition to getting acquainted with the technology and production of local high-proof drinks, a tasting is planned at the Rakvere Knights' Castle and the Palmse wine cellar, where you will be offered malvasia (liqueur wine) and delicious strawberry liqueur. The excursion also includes a visit to an exhibition dedicated to the country’s distillery history. It turns out that Estonia has its own achievements in this area. In the pre-war years, potato alcohol produced here was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the strongest (98%).

Russian International Academy of Tourism

Essay

discipline: Foreign regional studies

on the topic: “Estonia”

Student group 210

Arseny Roman.

Gangway

2005 year.

……………………………………..3

I.Recreational resources ……………………………………………....4

1.Geographical location of the country………………………………...….4

2.Natural resources……………………………………………………………......4

3.Historical and cultural resources……………………………………………………6

4. Ethnographic resources……………………………………………………………… 7

4.1Estonian cuisine ……………………………………………………….. 9

………………..9

4.3Festivals and holidays in Estonia …………………………………...10

4.4National costumes ……………………………………………… 10

5. Socio-economic resources……………………………………1 1

5.1Population……………………………………………………………….1 1

5.2Large cities …………………………………………………………1 1

5.3Religion…………………………………………………………………..1 1

5.4Economy………………………………………………………………. 11

II.Main types of tourism ……………………………………………...12

1. Number of foreign tourists visiting Estonia…………...12

2. Income from tourism………………………………………………………. 12

3.Types of tourism…………………………………………………………….. 12

III.Resorts………………………………………………………………… 15

IV.Tourist centers ……………………………………………………. 16

1.Large cities………………………………………………………... 16

2. Tallinn excursion routes.................................................... .....2 6

Material used ……………………………………………….27

Application………………………………………………………………....28

Map of tourism sites in Estonia

Introduction.

I chose this country for my work because it is a completely unusual, mysterious country. It is not at all necessary to travel to distant countries. The amazing is often very close by: a small country where there is everything - ancient cities and untouched nature, comfortable hotels and popular resorts, small shops and large shopping centers, noisy nightclubs, cozy cafes and restaurants. And most importantly - the smiles of people who are always happy to see you.

I.Recreational resources

1.Geographical location of the country.

Estonia is located in the northeastern part of Europe, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The closest northern neighbor is Finland. From Tallinn to Helsinki it is only 87 km by sea. A little further, 401 km northwest of Tallinn, is the capital of Sweden - Stockholm. The Narova River and Lake Peipus serve as a watershed between Estonia and Russia. Southern Estonia shares land borders with Russia and Latvia. The area of Estonia is 45,227 km2.

2. Natural resources.

Estonia is a flat country. Most of the territory lies at an altitude of 50 m above sea level. The highest point - 318 m - is Suur Munamägi hill in southern Estonia. This is the highest point in the Baltic.

Estonia - maritime state. The heavily indented coastline, including the islands, is 3,794 km long. There are more than 1,500 islands in Estonia, the largest of which are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Muhu, Vormsi, Naissaar, Aegna, Prangli, Kihnu, Ruhnu, Abruka and Vilsandi. Sea islands make up 9.2% of the territory.

There are more than 1000 lakes in Estonia. Lake Peipsi, in Estonian Peipsi, - 3555 km 2 - ranks fourth in size in Europe.

Estonia has a temperate maritime climate. The favorable season for tourism is from early May to mid-October. In the summer months the air temperature is 15-25°C. Thanks to the shallow water, the water in the sea and lakes quickly warms up and reaches 20-24°C in July. The swimming season lasts from the beginning of June to the end of August. Estonian beaches are a great place for a family holiday with children. In shallow and warm water with a clean sandy bottom, there is not the slightest danger for vacationers. On natural beaches stretching for tens of kilometers, you can relax in complete privacy.

Winter in Estonia is good for skiing. The best month for this is February.

In the northern part of Estonia there is a limestone plateau, the northern edge of which forms a steep ledge - the North Estonian Klint, stretching along the entire northern coast from Narva to Cape Pakri. In some places the cliff gently descends to the sea itself (Cape Pakri) or suddenly moves away and becomes a steep cliff (the highest height in Ontika is 56 m). On the limestone plateau, covered with only a thin layer of soil, there are unique fields of juniper thickets.

The numerous lakes and hills of Otepää, Haanja and Sakala give the southern part of Estonia its uniqueness and attractiveness. High-lying rivers flow through the ancient valley, unexpectedly revealing outcrops of reddish Devonian sandstone.

There are 11,800 bogs in Estonia. Their total area is 9150 km 2, which is over 20% of the territory. Of interest are the drumlin landscapes of Vooremaa and Kõrvemaa, waterfalls on the rivers Jägala, Keila, Narova and karst springs. Estonia's great wealth is forests, covering about 40% of its territory. Estonia is located in a zone of mixed forests, although there is a predominance of coniferous species. The forests are inhabited by elk, wild boars, and roe deer; There are wolves, bears, lynxes, and flying squirrels. The bird fauna includes about 350 species, of which wood grouse, partridge, hazel grouse, and black grouse are widespread. The sea is inhabited by herring, cod, pike perch, sprat and eel.

Specially protected natural areas:

There is the Lahemaa National Park. Lahemaa National Park is located in an area that includes virgin landscapes of various types - coastal lowlands, pine forests, limestone plateaus, rocky fields, waterfalls and fast-flowing rivers. The natural national park is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, in the central part of the North Estonian Lowland, with an area of 64.9 thousand hectares.
Organized in 1971.
The northern part of the park is characterized by rocky islands, bays, boulder fields with giant stone blocks, pine and spruce forests. In the central part there is a vast plain with alvars, waterfalls, karst fields, and swamps. In the southern part there are many lakes, rivers with rapids and waterfalls.
The forests are inhabited by elk, wild boar, roe deer, and lynx; on reservoirs - waterfowl.
On the territory of the park there are architectural and cultural monuments (ancient settlements, burial grounds). There are cultural landscapes where economic activities (agriculture, fishing, forestry) are carried out in the interests of the park. Traditional crafts are preserved and supported, and individual villages and hamlets are taken under protection.
Visits to the park are regulated; excursions are educational and recreational. In areas of natural landscapes where visiting is limited, nature educational trails (length up to 15 km) have been laid, which are equipped with signs. For recreational recreation, zones with a boarding house, motel, and rest house are allocated (urban-type settlement Võsu and its environs).

There are 4 nature reserves in Estonia (Viidumäe, Vilsandi, Matsalu, Nigula) and 30 nature reserves.

Vilsandi,a group of islands of the Baltic Sea and the northwestern coast of the island. Saaremaa, in Estonia. Area 10,689 hectares, including water area 9,400 hectares. Since 1910, an ornithological reserve has been organized (Vaika and Vilsandi islands). Over 200 bird species live here, including eider, greylag goose, mute swan, and Scandinavian mountain pipit.

Matsalu, a bay of the Baltic Sea on the western coast of Estonia. Length 21 km, average width 4 km. Shallow water. The Kasari River flows into the bay. The shores are sandy and covered with reeds and reeds. The Matsalu Nature Reserve and its surroundings are home to a large number of species of waterfowl. Matsalu Nature Reserve is located on 50 islands of the Moonsund Strait. Area 13.5 thousand hectares (1973). Founded in 1957 on the basis of an ornithological reserve and a hunting educational and experimental farm for the protection of natural complexes and a diverse fauna of birds (about 250 species, including over 160 nesting ones). Ornithological research on the territory of Matsalu has been carried out since 1870. Waterfowl and wading birds are especially numerous in the reserve. On migration there are flocks of whooper swans, northern ducks and waders. Mute swans, gray geese nest in the reeds, and molting drakes of mallards and red-headed ducks. Ducks and many waders make their nests in grassy meadows. Eiders, tufted ducks, shelducks, mergansers, scoters, gulls and terns nest on the islands.

Reserve Nigula is located in southwest Estonia. Founded in 1957. Area 2771 hectares. It is a raised bog with peat deposits up to 4 m and pine forests. The forests are home to elk, roe deer, wild boar and other animals and birds.

3.Historical and cultural resources.

The territory of modern Estonia was inhabited approximately five thousand years before the birth of Christ. Thus, Estonians can be considered one of the oldest peoples in Europe. The favorable geographical position at the crossroads of trade routes from East to West and from North to South led to great interest in this piece of land, prompted many kings to undertake military campaigns and gave rise to many disputes. Since the 13th century, Estonia has been under the rule of the Teutonic Order. Knight's castles, which have survived to a greater or lesser extent to this day, are one of the most important tourist sites.

In 1285 Tallinn became part of the Hanseatic League. Trade affairs were carried out mainly by German merchants. Subsequent generations of Germans, who finally settled in Estonia, built family estates throughout the country. The Baltic Germans had a huge influence on both Estonian and Russian culture.

The Germans were the first wave in a long line of conquerors. Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians all passed through Estonia, building cities and castles and leaving their mark on the culture.

At the end of the 19th century, a wave of national liberation movement arose in Estonia. On February 24, 1918, Estonia declared independence. True, Estonia did not remain free for long. In 1940, it was annexed by the Soviet Union, and only in 1991 was it able to regain independence, leaving the USSR peacefully as a result of the “singing revolution”.

Estonia is rich in historical monuments: castles, religious buildings, fortresses, fortifications, monuments to outstanding figures. The capital of Estonia, Tallinn, with its medieval Old Town, is rightfully included by UNESCO among the monuments of world significance. The ancient city hall, 26 watchtowers and part of the fortress wall, churches and monasteries, houses of merchants and townspeople, through passages and courtyards, squares and parks - all this creates the unique charm of the medieval Old Town.

The fortress defense tower Kiik in de Kek (which means “look at the kitchen” in Estonian) now houses a museum of ancient weapons and other defense items.

And in the Fat Margarete Tower (Pax Margarete) there is an interesting exhibition of the Maritime Museum, where you will be curious to find out what, in what and why Estonian fishermen went to sea in ancient times, look at models of ancient ships of fine workmanship, hold on to thick ship ropes and feel the harsh sea spirit of Tallinn.
In total, Tallinn has 13 museums with their branches, including the Tallinn City Museum, the State History Museum, the Tallinn Art Museum and others.

It is necessary to say about a unique private museum. A trip to Tallinn can be associated not only with visiting traditional architectural sights. While relaxing in one of the hotels in Tallinn, you can take an interesting trip to Laahemaa National Park and get acquainted with private collections of vintage cars, motorcycles and bicycles. Here you can see bicycles from 1830, carriages from 1850, cars from 1910, motorcycles from 1940.

Also in Tallinn are located: the Kadriorg Palace of the early 18th century, the house-museum of Peter 1, the Dominican monastery of the 13th-16th centuries, where portals, cellars and a gallery have been preserved. Almost all cities have local history museums. There are 9 museums in Tartu, including the history of the city, the history of the university, the literary museum, and the O. Luts House Museum; in Võru - House-Museum of F.R. Kreutzwald; in Kohtla-Jarve - Oil Shale Museum. Of the architectural monuments, pay attention: in Tallinn - medieval buildings in the Gothic and Baroque styles of the 14th-16th centuries; Town Hall with a 17th-century spire, town hall pharmacy; Holy Spirit Church with a bell from the 15th century. and carved interior; buildings of the Olai Guild of the 13th century, the Brotherhood of the Blackheads of the 14th-17th centuries; Church of Oleviste (St. Olai) 1267 with a tower 120 m high; Great Sea Gate, two towers of the Viru Gate of the 15th century; medieval town mill and residential buildings from the 15th century. - all in the Lower Town. The medieval Lower Town is a historical and architectural monument. The only entrance to Vyshgorod was the oldest street in Tallinn - Pikk-Jalg (1454); The gate towers of Pikk-Jalg (1380) and Lühike-Jalg of the 15th century have been preserved. Toompea Castle (Small Fortress) has preserved walls and three corner towers: “Long Hermann” with a medieval dungeon; "Pilshtiker" and the remains of "Landskrone". In the 17th century Swedish bastions were built according to the Vauban system: Linda Hill (Swedish Bastion), Rannavyarava Hill (Skåne Bastion) and Harju Hill (Inger Bastion), which covered the Kiek-in-de-Kök gun turret with a height of approx. 49 m (1475), the most powerful in the Baltics (now a museum). The center of the Great Fortress is the Dome Church of the 13th-18th centuries. with a wooden altar of the 17th century. Interesting are the ruins of the monastery in Pirita, an ancient settlement of the 1st millennium BC. - Iru, Kadriorg Park, in Tartu - an ensemble of university buildings early. XIX century; castles and cathedrals XIII-XV centuries. - in Tartu, Narva, Kuresaare on the island. Saaremaa, Viljandi.

There are 13 universities in Estonia, 7 of them public and 6 private. One of the most famous is the University of Tartu, founded in 1632. Most of Estonia's famous people, scientists, writers and statesmen studied at the University of Tartu. The oldest museum in Estonia, the Tartu University Art Museum, displays plaster copies of the most prominent sculptors of ancient times against the backdrop of wall paintings in a pompous style.

Estonia has many architectural monuments from the 12th to 16th centuries. Traditional Estonian folk art is famous for knitted items, woven decorative household items, metal and wooden ornaments. The singing festivals held in Tallinn are very popular and have contributed to the development of choral singing. Various sports are popular in Estonia, especially games, athletics and rowing.
The city of Kuressaare is known as a mud and climatic resort. The landmark of the city is the Order Castle (14-15 centuries). Other architectural monuments: Baroque town hall (17-18 centuries), classicist church of St. Nicholas (18th century).
A castle (13th-15th centuries), city fortifications (14th century), and a town hall building (17th century) have been preserved in Narva. Pärnu is a seaside climatic and mud resort. There is a theater and a local history museum.

4. Ethnographic resources.

The population of Estonia is 1.37 million inhabitants. More than 100 different nationalities live in Estonia. Largest ethnic groups (as a percentage of the total population):

Estonians - 67.9%
Russians - 25.6%
Ukrainians - 2.1%
Belarusians - 1.3%
Finns - 0.9%
Tatars - 0.2%
Latvians - 0.2%
Poles - 0.16%
Jews - 0.16%

In total, about 500 thousand inhabitants or 32% belong to various ethnic groups other than Estonian. Estonians increasingly see Estonia as a multicultural and multinational state. According to Research of interethnic relations conducted in March 2000, 75% of Estonians believe that the diversity of nationalities and cultures enriches Estonia and makes it more interesting. 86% of Estonians believe that different nationalities can coexist on the territory of one state and have good relationships.

Before World War II, Estonia was a relatively homogeneous society - national minorities made up 12% of the total population. The most significant minorities were Russians, Germans, Swedes, Latvians, Jews, Poles, Finns and Ingrians.

By 1991, minorities constituted more than one-third of the total population, which was mainly the result of forced migration policies during the Soviet occupation - administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from other republics of the USSR, as well as the deportation of Estonians to various areas of the Soviet Union. The predominant number of migrants come from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, as well as from other regions of the USSR, such as Tatarstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, etc.

Nationalities

1934 (population census)

1989 (population census)

2000 (population census)

Estonians

992 520

963 281

930 219

Russians

92 656

474 834

351 178

Ukrainians

48 271

29 012

Belarusians

27 711

17 241

Finns and Ingrians

1 088

16 622

11 837
358

Tatars

4 058

2 582

Latvians

5 435

3 135

2 330

Poles

1 608

3 008

2 193

Jews

4 434

4 613

2 145

Lithuanians

2 568

2 116

Germans

16 346

3 466

1 870

Armenians

1 669

1 444

Azerbaijanis

1 238

Swedes

7 641

other nationalities or nationality unknown

4 174

10 891

14 347

Total

1 126 413

1 565 662

1 370 052

* Data included in “other nationalities”
Source: Statistics Estonia,
Ministry of Internal Affairs

Minorities other than Russian currently account for 6.5% of the total population. Unlike the Russian minority, they did not have government support to preserve and develop their culture and language until 1991, when Estonia regained its independence.

Official language Estonian(belongs to the Finno-Ugric group

languages and is related to Hungarian and Finnish). Russian, Finnish, English and German are widely spoken in everyday life.

4.1 Estonian cuisine

Traditional Estonian national cuisine was formed largely under the influence of German and Swedish culinary traditions, and consists mainly of simple and satisfying “peasant” dishes based on pork, potatoes, vegetables, a variety of cereals, fish (herring is especially popular) and bread products. A distinctive feature is the widespread use of meat by-products (blood, liver) and a variety of dairy dishes - there are more than 20 dairy soups alone.

Soups themselves are a fairly common dish - there are, for example, soup with barley and potatoes, with dumplings, with peas and pearl barley, bread, blueberry, herring with potatoes and even beer soup. Seasonings and herbs are used extremely poorly, and in small quantities and in strictly defined dishes: dill - in herring, marjoram - in blood sausages, caraway seeds - in cottage cheese, parsley, celery - in meat soups (not all). Among the flavoring seasonings, in addition to milk, cream and sour cream in their pure form, they use “kastmed” - milk and milk-sour cream sauces that accompany almost every Estonian dish.

The most popular are "syyr" - a special dish made from cottage cheese, smoked trout "suitsukala", pork legs with peas, blood sausage "evereverst", "mulgi puder", pancakes with blood "vere pakeogid", dumplings made from barley flour, "mulgikapsas" - specially stewed pork with barley and sauerkraut, “piparkook”, rutabaga porridge “kaalikapuder”, rutabaga-potato porridge “kaalikakartulipuder”, boiled meat with vegetables, pea-buckwheat porridge “hernetatrapuder”, soup with beer, blueberry soup with dumplings, a variety of cheeses and jelly.

In Estonia they make amazingly delicious chocolate with nuts, unusual candies with mint, liqueur, coffee, and nut fillings, excellent cakes and all sorts of other sweets.

The national drink is undoubtedly beer - light "Saku" and darker "Saare" from the island of Saaremaa; honey beer and mulled wine "Hoegwein" are also original products.

4.2 Official holidays and days off in Estonia

January 1 - New Year.
February 24 is Independence Day.
March/April - Good (Great) Friday.
March/April - Easter.
May 1 - Spring Festival.
May/June - Trinity.
June 23 - Victory Day (anniversary of the battle of Vynnu).
June 24 - Midsummer's Day (Jaanipäev, Yanov's Day).
August 20 - Day of Restoration of Independence.
December 25 - Christmas.
December 26 - Christmastide.

Also celebrated on January 6 (Three Kings Day, Epiphany), February 2 (Conclusion of the Tartu Peace Treaty), 2nd Sunday in May (Mother's Day), June 14 (National Day of Mourning, day of remembrance for victims of Stalinist repressions), November 2 (Remembrance Day deceased) and November 16 (Proclamation of the Declaration of Independence). Banks, government offices and many shops are closed on public holidays.

4.3 Festivals and holidays in Estonia

Estonia's main festivals are the Baltic Folk Festival, held in mid-July in Tallinn, and the wonderful All-Estonian Song Festival. Also interesting in the capital are the jazz festival "Tudengijaz" (Student Jazz, February), Estonian Film Week (March), Days of Estonian Music at the National Opera House "Estonia" (April), the largest jazz festival in the Baltic countries - "Jazzkaar" (April) , traditional festival "Slavic Wreath" (June), the country's largest beer festival - "Olesummer" (early July), International Organ Music Festival (August), International Street Theater Festival (August-September), traditional festival "Days of Finno-Ugric Peoples" " (third week of October), children's and youth theater festival "Banaanikala" (Banana Fish, October-November), international piano festival "Klavier" (October-November), International film festival "Dark Nights" (November-December) and Christmas jazz "Joulujaz" festival (beginning of December).

Leading musical groups perform throughout the country as part of the “Open Festival of Baroque Music” (January-February). Summer is literally full of events. On the night of the summer solstice (Jaanipäev, Jan's Day), the most colorful and cheerful summer festival takes place - "Grillfest", accompanied by dancing, singing and fun around the fires, as well as the search for the mystical fern flower, which, according to legend, blooms only on this night and brings good luck to anyone who finds it (many Estonians usually take vacation during the week before Midsummer). In the vicinity of the Bishop's Castle in Haapsalu, every year on the August full moon, a colorful "White Lady Festival" is held, dedicated to "Estonia's most famous ghost." The Viru Saru folklore festival is held in Lahemaa National Park on the first weekend of July. Numerous song festivals and concerts are held in many localities on an individual schedule. The Tartu Ski Marathon starts in Otepää (February). In and In July, the Rock Summer festival takes place in Tallinn; in August the White Lady Festival in Haapsalu.

4.4 National costumes

Along with language, clothing is a distinctive feature of a people. Folk clothing has become a phenomenon in the social life of Estonia since the end of the last century. Peasant costumes, which vary by parish, still occupy an important place in the wardrobe of Estonians.

Estonians themselves are accustomed to national clothing, so they practically do not notice women in heavy striped skirts and men in dark caps walking along the city streets. Only tourists pause for a moment to focus their cameras on the curiosity.

Over the century-long history of its existence, the Estonian national costume has gone through several stages. Roughly stylized as the original by the 1930s, clothing experienced an unprecedented boost in the state’s anniversary year of 1938 (20 years of the Republic of Estonia). Bit by bit, based on the original peasant clothes available in the ethnographic museum's collections, the Estonian national costume was restored. Dresses, skirts, sweaters, pants and shirts were recreated in the form that is known to us to this day.

In 1940, the costume acquired the status of a national symbol. Traditionally held song festivals only contributed to strengthening the stereotype. The event was unthinkable without colorful outfits.

5. Socio-economic resources.

5.1 Population

As already mentioned, the population of Estonia is 1.351 million people. The last population census was carried out in 2000. Population density: 30 people/km 2 Birth rate (2003): 9.7/1000 people.Mortality (2003): 13.5/1000 people.Urban population (2003): 67.5%.Rural population (2003): 32.5%. Resident nationalities: Estonians (68%),

Russians (26%), Ukrainians (2%), Belarusians (1%), Finns (1%), others (2%).

5.2 Major cities

Capital: Tallinn (397.2 thousand people, accounting for 29.3% of the total population, 2003),

Tartu (101.2 thousand people), Narva (67.8 thousand people), Kohtla-Jarve (46.8 thousand people) and Pärnu (44.8 thousand people).

5.3 Religion

Main religion – Lutheranism (70%) . Other major denominations include:

Orthodox (20%), Baptist, Methodical and Catholic churches. In Kuremäe there is an Orthodox women's Assumption Pyukhtitsa Monastery.

5.4 Economy

Estonia is an industrial-agrarian country. Today, the national economy is based on transit, servicing financial flows and tourism. Estonia's most important natural mineral resource is oil shale. But at the same time, their development employs a small proportion of the economically active population. The republic's oil shale processing industry produces fuel gas, which is exported and used domestically as raw material for power plants. The chemical industry, operating on products from the oil shale processing industry, produces benzene, adhesives, tanning agents, resins, formaldehydes, and detergents. Estonia produces cars, rolled metal, and building materials. Light industry is developed, especially the production of cotton fabrics, wool, silk, and flax products. In agriculture, livestock farming is mainly developed (meat and dairy cattle breeding and bacon pig breeding). Crop farming specializes in growing potatoes, grains (barley, rye, wheat) and fodder crops, vegetables and berries. The timber processing industry is an important part of the Estonian economy, despite excessive logging, which threatens the very existence of the industry in question. Reforestation has recently begun, but part of the wood demand is now met through imports. The industry produces pulp and paper products, furniture, and building materials. Exports: machinery and equipment, pulp and paper products and timber, textiles, food, iron and steel, chemicals. Import: equipment and machinery, food, chemicals, rolled metal, textiles. Main trading partners: Sweden, Finland, Russia, Latvia, Germany, USA. The monetary unit is the Estonian kroon.

GDP per capita population: US$11,000

II.Main types of tourism.

1.Number of foreign tourists visiting Estonia in:

1996 – 600 thousand people

2000 – 1240 thousand people

2001 – 1320 thousand people

2002 – 1360 thousand people

2.Tourism income:

2000 – 506 million US dollars

2001 – 507 million US dollars

2002 – 555 million US dollars

3. Types of tourism

1) Health tourism in Estonia is in great demand, not only among local residents, but also among foreign tourists. In such prestigious sanatoriums as Tervis in Pärnu and Laine in Haapsalu, as practice shows, it is necessary to reserve a place at least two months in advance. The level of service at Tervis is high: there are a lot of foreigners there. This is understandable, because Pärnu is considered the summer capital, although prices there are much lower than in Tallinn. Many people prefer to spend their holidays either in Pärnu, or on the islands - Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Vormsi and others, or in the south of Estonia - in Virumaa, Põltsamaa.

Sanatoriums on the west coast in the cities of Pärnu (Tervis Paradise - new 2004, Tervis, Estonia, Syprus) and Haapsalu (Fra Mare) offer the prevention and treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous and cardiovascular vascular system, rehabilitation after fatigue and stress. On the island of Saaremaa in Kuressaare (“Ryutli”, “Meri”, “Saaremaa Waltz”) mud therapy has been practiced for 175 years. Rich medical experience, a unique range of procedures, local mud and mineral water will restore strength and improve your health. Water entertainment and recreation centers “Tervis Paradise” and “Rüytli” are available to vacationers. New for the season (May 2004) is the Georg Ots SPA Hotel.

Northern Estonia (“Toila”, “Narva Jõesuu”) is a changing landscape, where the steep seashore gives way to sandy beaches. In addition to traditional mud therapy, treatment of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract is offered. The “salt chamber”, the walls of which are made of salt blocks (“Toila”), has a beneficial effect on the respiratory system.

Southern Estonia (“Pyhajärve”, “Värska”) is an untouched nature, the amazing beauty of the hills, here is the highest point of the Baltic states - the Haanja Hills, national parks and nature reserves with numerous rivers and lakes. "Pyhajärve" and "Värska" are located on picturesque lakes. This is where you can find peace and quiet and restore peace of mind. Värska uses local mineral water in its treatment.

All spa hotels and sanatoriums in Estonia offer accommodation in rooms whose quality meets international standards. The hotels' spa facilities, guaranteed service, and the presence of swimming pools make a wellness holiday in Estonia enjoyable, regardless of the time of year.

2) Educational tourism. Undoubtedly, this type of tourism is very popular in Estonia. The country is rich in history, architectural monuments, museums and other attractions that interest tourists from all over the world. The centers of educational tourism are Tallinn, Narva, Tartu.

3) Active recreation is well developed in Estonia.

Water sports recreation. During a canoe trip, a tourist will not only be in close contact with nature, but will also be able to see the most beautiful places in Estonia, which are usually difficult to get to without a boat: sandy cliffs of the high banks of the Ahja River with colorful geological deposits; raised bogs in the Soomaa nature reserve, where the pristine silence will only be disturbed by the splashes of your oars.
There are several canoe trip options to choose from. This can be a short trip along fast-flowing rivers or a long descent downstream of “lazy” rivers. An accompanying person can take part in a hike with tourists and help in steering the canoe and show interesting places. Typically a canoe trip lasts from one to three days. The season opens immediately after the rivers are free of ice and ends with the first frosts. The cost of the trip (from 200 to 1000 CZK) includes canoe rental, a life jacket and a short course in safe canoeing techniques, as well as guide services and light snacks at rest stops. The price depends on the duration of the trip. If a tourist has never sailed a canoe before, he will be able to learn basic boat control techniques very quickly. Sailing can be a delight even for an observer. White sails, playing water, beautiful and brave people who, despite a hopeless calm or an uncontrollable storm, steer their ship wherever they want. In Estonia, not only coastal areas, but also large and small lakes offer the opportunity to enjoy water sports. The first experience of sailing is truly an experience that can develop into a passion for longer, more challenging and more advanced and exciting adventures. Estonia's territorial waters extend 12 nautical miles from the coast. In territorial sea waters, the peaceful passage of a foreign vessel on a recreational trip is permitted. Once cleared through customs, exit inspection is not required until leaving territorial waters. Yachts are advised to ask the port authorities to notify the next port they arrive at.

Ski tourism. Skiing came to Estonia from Scandinavia at the beginning of the century and quickly took root here. It is no exaggeration to say that every resident of Estonia has skied at least once. Cross-country skiing is popular due to its flat terrain and low hills. Specially laid trails provide an opportunity to break out of confinement within school walls and offices. The climate of Southern Estonia, where there is almost always snow, makes the Otepää resort a particularly attractive destination for winter holiday enthusiasts. The largest and most modern ski center in the Baltics has been created here. In Southern Estonia, alpine skiing enthusiasts have conditions for skiing down slopes of 200 - 300 meters of moderate steepness. Some of the slopes are equipped with lifts. All necessary equipment can be rented. The center of ski tourism is the city of Otepää; there are also ski resorts in the area of the city of Võru and other areas of southern Estonia.

ATV safari. This type of recreation is suitable for thrill-seekers who have good coordination of movements and have experience driving motor vehicles. ATV safari is carried out in a beautiful natural place in Estonia (Põhja and Lõuna Kõrvemaa) in any weather and at any time of the year. Instructions and study tours are provided.

Horseback riding.It doesn’t matter here who the tourist is - a novice rider or an experienced rider. There are plenty of opportunities for horseback riding in Estonia: forest trails and groves, juniper-covered shores and dunes, or historical parks where you can ride in the footsteps of famous people. At different times of the year, nature has different faces. Morning dawn and sunset with a new friend – a horse – is an unforgettable experience. If a tourist is a beginner rider, he can undergo a week-long riding camp or initial training in an arena under the guidance of experienced instructors - and he will have the ability to control a horse and the opportunity to enjoy the beauty of nature, observing it from a higher height and in a different way than usual. There are several riding clubs and schools in Estonia. If a tourist doesn’t know how to sit in the saddle, it doesn’t matter, they will teach him how to do it. Many farms have horses that you can ride for a small fee.

Hiking.The best way to relax, get out into nature and experience local culture is by hiking. Estonia has four national parks and several protected areas, where, following marked hiking trails, a visitor to the country will have an excellent opportunity to see everything that a hurrying tourist would never see from a car window. In a small area of Estonia, various landscapes have merged together, widespread and rare plants, birds and animals coexist. Only on a hike can you experience the deep layers of nature and culture; listen to the silence, stroke the rough bark of a hundred-year-old oak, pick wild berries, inhale the pungent aroma of marsh wild rosemary, notice the small and large wonders of nature. The best guide will be a local guide who knows the uniqueness of his region down to the smallest nuances. To get closer to Estonia's untouched nature, it is best to follow special hiking trails in many scenic spots, or follow a special route in one of the nature reserves.

Fishing. You can fish without paying anyone for it with only one simple fishing rod with a rod no longer than 1.5 m, a single hook and live bait. The rod can be equipped with a sinker and a float. Fishing on private reservoirs is allowed only with the permission of the owner. Fishing with spinig, net, etc. is paid. Such fishing is permitted only if you have a fisherman's ticket and taking into account the established restrictions on seasons, fishing places and types of fish. Tickets and information about restrictions can be obtained from regional conservation departments of the Ministry of Environment and registered fishing societies. The price of a fisherman's ticket is 25 – 200 CZK depending on the duration of validity.

Cycling. Estonia, with its varied landscapes, is an ideal place to travel by bike. People with different riding experiences can choose a suitable route on hilly or flat terrain. You can ride a bicycle where it is impossible to reach by car.

Golf. Estonia's only 18-hole golf course is located 33 km southeast of Tallinn, next to the well-known horse riding center of Niitvälja. The total length of the course is 6,280 m. The shortest distance to the hole is 153 m, and the longest is 510 m. The owner of the course is the Estonian Golf Center. The field was equipped in the so-called “Floridian style,” which is characterized by slightly steep slopes, the presence of water barriers and free approaches, alternating with narrow approaches with areas of dense forest. The quality of the playing field in hot and dry summers is guaranteed by a watering system designed by Danish designers. The course is open from the end of April to the end of November.

III.Resorts.

Estonia has famous resorts: Pärnu - climatic and balneological, Haapsalu - balneological and Narva-Jõesuu - climatic. The main ski resort of Otepää. Large beaches are located in the city of Narva - Jõesuu, Padliski, Pärnu, Klooga (Klooga-rand beach).

Parnuis a small seaside town, which, thanks to its beautiful beach and bay, is known primarily as a resort and summer vacation spot. Pärnu is located 123 km from Tallinn. The population of Pärnu is 45 thousand inhabitants. The first information about the city of Pärnu dates back to the 11th century. The oldest historical monuments preserved here date back to the 16th century, that is, to the heyday of the trading Hanseatic League. Pärnu actively participated in the lively Baltic trade, but due to its position did not achieve such influence as Revel (Tallinn). Among the defensive structures of the 17th century, the Tallinn Gate, the construction of which was completed in 1678, the Lutheran Church of Elizabeth (1747) and the Orthodox Church of St. Catherine (1768) have survived. In the seaside region of Pärnu, separated from the sea by a magnificent park, there are many hotels and health resorts. The most famous of them: sanatoriums Tervis, Estonia, Syprus, Viking.
Haapsalu- washed by the sea on three sides, it is considered the sunniest resort in Estonia. Haapsalu (until 1917 the official name was Gapsal), a tiny town on the western coast of Estonia, 100 km from Tallinn, home to 12.5 thousand inhabitants. The city was founded around the 13th century. The ancient episcopal castle, completed in the 16th century, speaks of its former greatness. The fact is that for several centuries Haapsalu was the center of the Catholic bishopric and was a fairly influential city. Haapsalu experienced the rule of the Swedes and Russians. In 1825 it became a seaside resort, visited by members of the imperial family. The resort is famous for its healing mud. Today, Haapsalu's heyday as a resort is reminiscent of the preserved promenade along the seaside and the wooden Kursaal located there. Beautiful nature, clean air and silence of coastal pine forests, a warm bay and picturesque reed thickets, sea bathing and healing mud of the bays - all this is the most attractive side of Haapsalu. And also the attractiveness of the ancient streets, because the city was founded in 1279. Everything is interesting here: the ruins and the 38-meter watchtower of the bishop's castle, the legend of the ghostly vision of the White Lady, who appears in the window of the sacristy of the Dome Church on a full moon on an August night as a symbol of eternal love, an alley with a memorial bench made of dolomite with a portrait of P.I. Tchaikovsky. As befits an ancient city, Haapsalu has a Town Hall building, which now houses a museum, a fortress, a Dome Church with a round chapel from the 14th century, and several ancient churches.

IV.Tourist centers.

1.Large cities.

a)Tallinn- the capital of Estonia, the city is a museum of medieval architecture. The heart of Tallinn is the Old Town of Toompea (Vyshgorod) with numerous cathedrals, fortress walls and medieval towers and the adjacent Lower Town. The Upper Town was built in the XIII-XIV centuries, the Lower Town - in the XIV-XVI centuries.
Attractions: the Kadriorg park and palace, built at the beginning of the 18th century by order of Peter the Great, where the residence of the President of Estonia is now located; Tallinn Bay is a beautiful harbor known since ancient times; many upscale hotels; nightclubs, restaurants, bars, shops and supermarkets.

While traveling around southern Estonia, you can also visit a popular holiday destination - the town Otepää, and in the city Võru, where Estonian national literature originated.

Sights of the capital of Estonia.

Old city

In 1997, the historical part of Tallinn - Old Town (see Attachment)– was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Old Town of Tallinn is given special significance, first of all, by its unique medieval architecture and the unique spirit of antiquity, which other capitals of Northern Europe have largely lost.
In Tallinn, as one of the best preserved cities of medieval Europe, the street network and property boundaries formed between the 11th and 15th centuries have remained virtually unchanged.
Thanks to powerful defensive fortifications, the Old City was able to protect itself from significant destruction during attacks by enemy troops. And the stone houses that were mainly built here survived the fires. The Old Town and new massive developments were bypassed, which, in turn, also contributed to the preservation of its architectural value.
Today, all the most important administrative and sacral buildings of the Old Town have been preserved in their original medieval form; many residential buildings, barns, and warehouses that once belonged to noble citizens and merchants have safely survived the centuries.
The beginning of the 15th - mid-16th centuries - the golden age of ancient Tallinn: the city was part of the Hanseatic League and played an important role in the Baltic Sea region. The economic recovery of those times contributed not only to the thorough strengthening of the city’s borders, but also created all the prerequisites for active creativity - the creation of architectural and artistic values.

Town Hall Square

Town Hall Square has been used for centuries as a market and fairground, and also served as a gathering place for people.
The square in front of the Town Hall has long been used for trade - even before the construction of the Town Hall itself. All kinds of festivities were held here, and city criminals were also executed.
The modern Town Hall Square, especially in the summer months, is filled with street cafes. Open-air concerts and craft fairs are held here. In winter, according to a tradition that has been preserved since 1441, Town Hall Square is decorated with a huge Christmas tree. It stands here for a long time, a month and a half, and around it there is a bustling and colorful Christmas market, where you can buy wonderful gifts for the winter holidays and enjoy the wonderful Christmas atmosphere.
In summer, Town Hall Square is the main center of the annual Old Town Days, a kind of medieval carnival in a modern style. These days, ancient traditions such as festive parades, knightly tournaments, parrot shooting competitions and the election of the Earl of May are revived, and the streets and courtyards of the Old Town are filled with music, dancing, fairs, theatrical performances and exhibitions.

Tallinn Town Hall

The Tallinn Town Hall building is the best preserved medieval Town Hall building in Northern Europe.
The first written mention of the Tallinn Town Hall dates back to 1322, and there is every reason to believe that in the distant past it stood in the same place where it is now. The Town Hall acquired its current appearance as a result of a thorough reconstruction in 1402 - 1404, so that in 2004 it celebrated its 600th anniversary.
Tallinn Town Hall, where the magistrate held his meetings, was the real heart of the city, as well as a representative building where the most important issues of city life were decided over the centuries. The first mention of the Tallinn Magistrate is found in the charter of the Danish king Eric V dated May 15, 1248, in which the monarch orders that Lübeck law be assigned to Tallinn.
Members of the magistrate - ratmans - held their meetings in the hall on the second floor of the Town Hall; today festive receptions and concerts are held here, and the three-nave hall in the basement of the Town Hall is used as a room for exhibitions.
However, the most famous element of the Tallinn Town Hall building, built from the traditional Estonian building material limestone, is the “Old Toomas” weather vane that crowns the tower, the current symbol of the Estonian capital.
As the legend says... Every spring in medieval Tallinn, on the square near the Great Sea Gate, competitions were held for the best archers in the city. The most accurate shooter who managed to hit the target - a wooden figurine of a parrot mounted on the top of a high pole - was awarded a large silver cup. And then one day, when the honorable knights had just lined up and pulled their bows, the parrot suddenly fell down, pierced by someone's arrow.
The unknown shooter turned out to be an ordinary Tallinn youth - a poor man named Toomas. The prankster was properly scolded and forced to put the target back in its original place. However, the news had already spread throughout Tallinn, and Toomas’s mother prepared for the worst... Fortunately, things took a different turn - the young man was not punished, but was offered to become a city guard, which at that time was a great honor for a poor man.
Subsequently, Toomas more than once showed heroism in the battles of the Livonian War and fully justified the trust placed in him. And in his old age he grew a luxurious mustache and became surprisingly similar to the brave warrior who towered on the tower of the Town Hall. Since then, the weather vane on the Town Hall has been called “Old Toomas”.

Tallinn city wall

Tallinn city wall, fortified with defensive towers (see Attachment), by the 16th century it had become one of the most powerful and reliable fortifications in Northern Europe.
Medieval fortifications erected around the city towards the end of the 13th century turned it into an impregnable fortress. By the 16th century, these fortifications had virtually no equal in power throughout Northern Europe. The thickness of the city wall with 46 powerful defensive towers reached 3 m, height – 16 m, and length – 4 km.
A 2 km long part of the wall and 26 defensive towers have survived to this day.
You even have the opportunity to climb the city wall: near the intersection of Suur-Kloostri and Väike-Kloostri streets, you can climb the Nunnathorn tower and from there, along the former battle passage, go to the Saunathorn and Kuldjalathorn towers.

Kiek in de Kök

Kiek in de Kök (see Attachment)- the most powerful gun turret in Northern Europe of the 16th century.
According to historians, the Kiek in de Kök tower, built in the second half of the 15th century, was once the most powerful gun tower on the entire Baltic Sea coast. Its diameter reached 17 m, height - 38 m, and wall thickness - 4 m.
From the upper floors of the tower, not only the rear of the enemy troops, but also the kitchens of Tallinn housewives were clearly visible. Hence the unusual name of the tower, which translated from Low Saxon means: “Look into the kitchen.”
During the Livonian War (1558 – 1583) the tower was seriously damaged, but still survived. Subsequently, it was rebuilt several times and was used as a gunpowder warehouse until the 20th century. Today, Kiek in de Kök has been completely restored - now it looks exactly the same as it did in the 17th century.
Now there is a permanent exhibition in the tower telling about the history of Tallinn and the most important military events of that distant era, which we are reminded of by the stone and cast iron artillery cannonballs of the Russian Tsar Ivan IV stuck in the thickness of the walls.

Great Sea Gate and Fat Margaret Tower

Great Sea Gate and Fat Margaret Tower (see Attachment) were built to protect the city from attack from the sea, and also to impress overseas guests arriving in Tallinn.
The Great Sea Gate, located in the northern part of the city, next to the harbor, was built at the same time as the city wall.
At the beginning of the 16th century, next to the gate, during its reconstruction, a gun tower with 155 loopholes was erected, which was nicknamed Fat Margaret for its impressive size - 25 m in diameter and 20 m in height. Over its long history, Fat Margaret was also used as an armory and prison.
Today the tower houses the Estonian Maritime Museum, which introduces the history of navigation and fishing in Estonia. The four floors of the museum display rare exhibits: antique diving and fishing equipment, finds from the bottom of the sea, a captain's bridge from 1950, and much more. The observation deck at the top of the tower offers breathtaking views of the sea.

Viru Gate

The Viru Gate was built in the 14th century and has only partially survived to this day.
The Viru Gate is located in the eastern part of the city wall. The main gate tower was built in 1345 – 1355. Today, through this gate you can enter Viru Street with its many shops, restaurants and cafes, from where it is a stone's throw to the Town Hall Square.

Maiden's Tower

The Maiden's Tower (Neitsitorn) is a medieval prison tower for maidens of easy virtue.
This tower was built in the second half of the 14th century simultaneously with the construction of the city wall. Over the past centuries, the Maiden Tower was repeatedly subjected to serious damage and was rebuilt each time during restoration. Today, on the floors of this ancient building there is a cozy cafe.

Toompea Castle

Toompea Castle (see Attachment)– one of the oldest and most majestic architectural complexes in Estonia.
The castle was built in the 13th – 14th centuries on the steep slope of Toompea Hill, at an altitude of 50 m above sea level. Over the centuries, Toompea Castle has always been one of the most majestic symbols of the ruling power in Estonia, including foreign ones. Today the Parliament of the Republic of Estonia is located here.
At the end of the 14th century, the high tower LONG GERMAN was built in the south-eastern part of the castle complex. The tower owes its name to the glorious hero of medieval legends Lange Hermann, which translated from German means “long warrior” or “leader”. In those days, this was the name given to the most powerful fortress towers.
Today, the Estonian national flag flies at the top of the 48-meter-high Long Hermann.

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (see Attachment)– the largest Orthodox cathedral in Tallinn with majestic domes.
This majestic, richly decorated Orthodox church in a mixed late historicist style was built by the famous Russian architect Mikhail Preobrazhensky in 1900 - at that time Estonia was part of Tsarist Russia. The cathedral is dedicated to the Novgorod prince Alexander Nevsky, who defeated the Teutonic knights during the famous Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipsi on April 5, 1242.
Previously, in this place in front of Toompea Castle there was a beautiful square with a monument to Martin Luther. The cathedral is the most significant example of Orthodox sacred architecture in Tallinn and is well maintained. It has the most powerful ensemble of church bells in the city. There are eleven bells in total, the largest of them weighs 15 tons. Before the start of services, the cathedral bell rings out over the city. The interior of the cathedral, richly decorated with mosaics and icons, also deserves attention.

Church of the Holy Spirit

The Church of the Holy Spirit is the only sacred building in Tallinn that has preserved its appearance from the 14th century.
This simple, very modestly sized church was built in 1360 and, with the exception of the Baroque tower shako, has completely retained its original appearance. The Church of the Holy Spirit occupies a special place in Estonian culture: the first sermons in Estonian were read here, and the famous chronicler, Estonian by birth, Baltazar Russov held services here. And the pastor of this church, Johann Koell, became the author of the first book in Estonian - the catechism (1535).
The oldest street clock in Tallinn shows the time on the façade of the church building.
Here is also one of the four most valuable works of art of medieval Estonia - the altar, which was made in 1483 by order of the townspeople by the famous medieval master Bernt Notke.

Danish King's Garden

Danish King's Garden (see Attachment) located next to Toompea Castle.
According to legend, it was in Tallinn that the Danes found their national flag. This significant event took place on July 15, 1219 during one of the heated battles. The Danish troops were already on the verge of defeat when the heavens suddenly opened up and a flag descended right from there at their feet.
Encouraged by this sign from above, the Danes won. After which the reign of the Danish king in Tallinn and Northern Estonia lasted for more than 100 years.
Every summer Danebrog's Danish Flag Day is traditionally celebrated in this romantic garden.

Medieval residential buildings

Approximately 2/3 of medieval residential buildings have survived in Tallinn (see Attachment), now rebuilt to a greater or lesser extent, but at the same time being an example of medieval architecture. The best preserved include: the building of the Tourist House (Raekoja plats 18), the building of the Tallinn City Theater (Lai 23), as well as houses on Vana-Turg 6; Kuninga 1; Pikk 71; Lai 29 and 40; Vene 17 and 23; Rüütli 12; Suur-Karja 8.
In the Middle Ages, residential buildings were built according to the same principle; the layout of the interior premises was also of the same type, which, depending on the wealth of the owner, differed only in size and design.
Typically, a dwelling consisted of a spacious entrance hall (diele), a small kitchen under a chimney projection, one heated living space (dörnse), several closets and basement rooms that were not heated, and storage rooms located on the upper floors. Such a medieval house, as a rule, had a rather narrow facade and a pointed pediment. And since the upper floors of the building were used as warehouses, bales of goods were lifted directly to the top using a winch suspended on a bracket. The walls of a medieval house were made of limestone and plastered, and the roof was covered with special bricks made of baked clay.
The houses in the Lower City stood so close to each other that many even had common walls. Behind the building, as usual, there was a long, narrow courtyard on which there were outbuildings, barns, stables, stables and housing for farm laborers and servants.

Kadriorg

The formation and formation of the seaside district of Kadriorg took place under the influence of the traditions of the Russian royal court and the local nobility. The representative architecture of the historical wooden buildings of Kadriorg that have survived to this day testifies to the former wealth of this part of the city.
A walk through the streets of Kadriorg takes us to a unique architectural museum where centuries and styles are intertwined. Luxury villas, summer estates and functionalist residential buildings with luxury apartments coexist perfectly alongside the typical Estonian inexpensive wooden apartment buildings.
Kadriorg is still one of the most prestigious areas of Tallinn. The residence of the President of the Republic of Estonia and many embassies are located here. And Kadriorg Park has always been popular among Tallinn residents as a great place for family leisure.
Kadriorg is known primarily for its Baroque palace and park ensemble. Construction of the Kadriorg Palace, which Peter I intended to use as a summer residence for the royal family, began in 1718.

Kadriorg Park

Kadriorg Park (see Attachment)– the most famous artificial park in Estonia.
Kadriorg Park, which, unfortunately, has not been completely preserved, at the time of its creation occupied approximately one hundred hectares.
One of the most popular places in the park is the symmetrical Swan Pond and its surroundings. Across the street from Swan Pond, where there are now dense thickets of trees, a lush Italian-French formal park was originally laid out. According to the plan, only a small part of the total park area was allocated for a regular park. On the rest of the territory, the natural landscape with meadows and clearings was preserved, along which park alleys were laid.
To speed up the work on forming the park, they decided to replant large trees (in 1722, soldiers planted 550 trees in the park at once). Some of the trees, primarily chestnuts, were later going to be taken to the parks of St. Petersburg, but after the death of Peter I the idea was forgotten - and the chestnuts remained in Kadriorg.
Near Weizenbergi Street, along which the promenade past the Swan Pond to the Kadriorg Palace usually took place, there are several palace extensions. The premises of the palace guest house and park pavilion, standing side by side, now house the restoration workshops of the Estonian Art Museum.
Directly opposite the palace gates there is a watchman's house, behind it there is a kitchen and an ice cellar. The restored kitchen building now houses the Johannes Mikkel Museum, presenting the collection of this famous art collector.

Tallinn Botanical Garden

Tallinn Botanical Garden – more than 8,000 species and varieties of plants.
Founded in 1961, the Tallinn Botanical Garden covers an area of 110 hectares. The garden features five large outdoor collections: bushes and trees, a rose garden, perennials, bulbous plants and summer flowers.
There are much more individual exhibitions here: heather, low-growing bulbous and alpine plants, lilies, peonies, perennials, primroses, and cultivated plants. In total, more than 5,000 different species and varieties of flora are presented to visitors. In the botanical garden you can see most of the plants growing in Estonia, including some quite rare ones. Among them are new ornamental plants, as well as representatives of the flora that are most hardy in the local climate.
The greenhouse exhibition (2,100 m2 of area under glass) presents about 2,400 plant species. Along with the well-known, widespread representatives of the flora (palm trees, cacti, thick-leaved trees, orchids), you can also see quite rare species from Australia, Madagascar, the Canary Islands, etc. Cultivated plants are also widely represented (coffee and chocolate trees, vanilla, cardamom , banana, date palm, lemon, olive and carob, black pepper, etc.), including species suitable for growing at home.
Almost monthly, the botanical garden hosts changing exhibitions (medicinal and poisonous plants, exotic fruits, spices and aromatic plants, mushrooms, cut flowers and much more). Thematic excursions are held here throughout the year, the most popular of which are “Summer Night Walks into the World of Smells” and “Rose Days”.

Tallinn Zoo

Tallinn Zoo has one of the most interesting collections in Scandinavia.
The Tallinn Zoo, founded in 1939, houses over 5,400 representatives of almost 350 species of fauna. Among them are many rare specimens that live not only in temperate climates, but also in Arctic latitudes and other exotic places. In the “tropical house” you can watch crocodiles, monkeys and other jungle inhabitants. The kids' favorite place is the pet zoo with hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs and other animals.

Museums in Tallinn

Estonian History Museum - Great Guild Hall

The Great Guild Hall is the second largest secular medieval building in Tallinn after the Town Hall.
The large guild, which united wealthy merchants, was obliged to protect their interests. The mayor and ratmans were elected from the members of the Great Guild. It is no coincidence that the small coat of arms of Tallinn - a white cross on a red background - was also the coat of arms of the Great Guild. Only married merchants who had their own house in Tallinn could be members of this guild. Foreigners were given this privilege only after they decided to stay in Tallinn forever and married the widow of a guild member.
The Great Guild building was built in 1407 - 1417 and was intended to hold meetings. The high level of prosperity and influence of the guild members is evidenced by the impressive size of the building and its elegant appearance. The guild's outbuildings were located in the area of Börsi (Birzhevoy) lane, which connected Lai and Pikk streets. On the Pikk street side there was an excise chamber and a silver storage facility, and on the Lai street side there was the so-called. "bride's chamber" and servant's apartment.
The exterior and interior of the building have been preserved since the 15th century, having undergone only minor changes. The facade of the building is decorated with the coat of arms of the Great Guild, and the bronze lock on the entrance door dates back to 1430.
Nowadays the Estonian History Museum is located in the Great Guild building. Its permanent exhibition introduces the history of Estonia from ancient times to the end of the 19th century.

Estonian Open Air Museum

An open-air museum - unique ancient buildings on 79 hectares of coastal forest park.
In the museum you can see farm buildings from different times and regions of Estonia, as well as mills, a church, a school, a tavern, a forge and other buildings associated with the life of villagers. Folk festivities with singing and dancing are often held on the territory of the museum, especially on the days of folk holidays, which are traditionally celebrated here.
The museum is located away from the noise of the city and is an ideal place for picnics and relaxation.

Kadriorg Palace - Museum of Foreign Art

Kadriorg Palace (see Attachment)- one of the traditional places of pilgrimage for tourists.
Kadriorg Palace, designed by the Italian architect Niccolo Michetti, was the summer residence of the royal family.
In 1718, Peter I began construction of the palace, which was named Ekaterinenthal in honor of his wife, Catherine I. The Estonians named it in their own way - Kadriorg - Catherine's Valley.
The author of this palace and park ensemble is the famous Italian architect Niccolo Michetti, who later also participated in the creation of the famous palace in Peterhof. As the rumor goes, the king himself laid the first stone in the foundation of the Kadriorg Palace.
Nowadays, the collection of works of foreign art of the Estonian Art Museum is exhibited in the restored Kadriorg Palace. Along with exhibitions, concerts and theatrical performances, lectures and receptions are held here. The upper flower garden located behind the palace has been completely reconstructed according to an 18th-century design and is open to visitors in the summer.

Tallinn City Museum

The Tallinn City Museum is located in the very center of the Old Town, in a medieval merchant's house.
Its exhibits introduce the history of the city, covering the period from the 13th century to the last decade of the 20th century. The new permanent exhibition, The City That Will Never Be Built, is particularly impressive, incorporating elements of theatrical performances, video and slide programs, and sound.

Valga

Located in southern Estonia Valga and northern Latvia Valka are twin cities since 1920.
The area of the city of Valga is 16.5 square meters. km, the city of Valka - 14.2 sq. km. The number of residents at the beginning of 2001 was 15,085 and 7,100 people, respectively. Valga is located at the crossroads of highways and railways.
The city is crossed by highways in the direction of Jõhvi - Narva, Uulu (Pärnu), Võru, Riga.
The Tallinn - Tartu - Riga railway lines are connected via Tapa to the Tallinn - Narva - St. Petersburg highway. Valga is crossed by the road in the direction of Võru - Petseri to Pskov. Valga is the center of international railway traffic. Since there is no railway station in Valka, arriving passenger trains from Latvia are directed to Valga, where their final station is located.

Narva

Narva is an Estonian city bordering Russia, which is separated from its Russian “twin” - Ivangorod - by the narrow Narova River.

Narva is located 212 km from Tallinn. The exact date of the founding of the city cannot be determined. It is known that the Danes founded a fortress on the site of an already existing settlement in the 13th century. Now this fortress is called “Herman” and it houses the Narva Museum. In European history, Narva is known as a traditional center of international trade. The waterway along the Narva River was founded already in the Viking Age (V-XI centuries) and was a branch of the famous Baltic-Mediterranean river route, called by the ancient Russian chronicle “The Path from the Varangians to the Greeks.” Later (from the 13th century), the land road from Tallinn to Novgorod that passed through Narva was actively used. On it, near the river crossing, a trading settlement arose in the 13th century, which received the status of a city in 1345 under the privilege of King Valdemar IV Atterdag of Denmark. This is how the city of Narva arose.
The modern appearance of Narva took shape in the 50-70s of the twentieth century. It so happened that the new Narva almost completely overshadowed the old Narva, both from the point of view of architecture and from the point of view of the general way of life. This was due to the active development of Narva as an industrial center. In addition to the Krenholm Manufactory, which was restored after the Second World War, a furniture factory, a machine-building plant are being built within the city, and near the city - a building materials plant and two largest power plants using local fuel - oil shale. Due to the sharp influx of workers into the city, there is a need for mass cheap housing. This is how large southern, western and northern districts of the city arise, built up with standard houses.
The symbols of old Narva are the Town Hall building and several houses that have preserved the appearance of the lost city, the belt of the famous Narva bastions, the Orthodox Resurrection Cathedral, as well as the Narva Castle, which is the “calling card” of the city.
Narva - Museum of Defense Architecture.
Throughout its centuries-old history, the strongest European powers of that time constantly fought for the possession of Narva. The owners of Narva at different times were Denmark, the German order, Sweden, and Russia. Military actions took place many times in the vicinity of the city. Therefore, Narva has always been a fortress city.
The fortification of Narva began in the 70s of the 13th century, when the Narva Castle was founded by the Danes on the steep bank of the river. In the middle of the 14th century, it passed into the hands of the knights of the German order and was rebuilt into a fortification of the “convention house” type, typical of order architecture. The castle acquired its final form at the beginning of the 15th century during the military-architectural rivalry with the Russian Ivangorod fortress. Its architectural appearance is determined by a powerful tower (over 50 meters high), called “Long Hermann”.
At the end of the 14th century, a surrounding city wall was built, reinforced with fortress towers. In the XV - XVI centuries. In connection with the advent of firearms, the fortifications of Narva begin to be modernized, the medieval towers are rebuilt into artillery towers - rondels. The Swedes were especially active in improving the Narva fortress in the 17th century. In the first half of the century they built bastions according to the Italian and Dutch types, and in the 80s of the 17th century. The grandiose construction of a new defensive line begins, consisting of French-type bastions designed by the outstanding Swedish military engineer and architect Erik Dahlberg. Thus, the fortification system of the Narva fortress was finally formed, which remained without significant changes until the middle of the 19th century.
Today, in terms of diversity and degree of preservation, the military engineering structures of Narva have no equal in Estonia. Together with the Ivangorod fortress they form a historical and architectural ensemble of pan-European significance.
Krenholm: a city within a city
The area of Narva waterfalls is interesting not only as a unique natural site. Here, in the second half of the 19th century, the famous Krenholm manufactory arose - one of the largest textile enterprises in Europe at that time. The manufactory used the cheap energy of falling water and had advanced technology for its time. The products of this company were awarded the Grand Prix at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900.
The Krenholm manufactory was created as an integral urban planning ensemble, including not only a production, but also an administrative, residential and public complex. The construction of Krenholm realized the philosophical and architectural idea of an industrial city of the future, popular in the sociology of the 19th century. The involvement of talented architects of the St. Petersburg academic school in the design, as well as the influence of English traditions, the guide of which was the creator of the manufactory L. Knop, determined the originality of Krenholm as an architectural monument. Krenholm architects created their own original style, in which the connection with the historical traditions of Narva architecture is clearly visible. As a historical and architectural monument from the era of the emergence of a large manufacturing industry, Krenholm is unique in Estonia and occupies a prominent place among similar monuments in Northern Europe.
A few tens of kilometers north of the city is the resort area of Narva-Joesu - a favorite vacation spot for the St. Petersburg intelligentsia back in Soviet times. There is still a good sanatorium-resort base here: dispensaries, sanatoriums and hospitals, but for the most part they have not been renovated for a long time and are going through far from the best times. However, large Estonian and foreign capital is already coming to this resort area, and by 2004 hotels of European standards will appear here.

Tartu

Tartu is the second largest and at the same time the oldest city in Estonia, which was mentioned for the first time in 1030.

Photos of Tallinn

Towers of the city wall Toompera Castle

Bakery street Kiek in de Kök

Kadriorg Palace Kadriorg Park

Open air museum in winter Christmas market

Town Hall at night Danish King's Garden

Oleviste Church and Fat Margaret Tower

Panorama of Tallinn

Old city

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