At the end of the 19th century, a French entrepreneur founded the Moscow Metal Plant Partnership here. In Soviet times, it was nationalized and the largest plant was created in Central Russia. It was named the Moscow Metallurgical Plant "Sickle and Hammer".
In Soviet times, pipes, steel products, wire and metal sheets were produced here. After the 1990s, the volume of production decreased sharply. The workshops were closed one after another, the plant finally ceased operations in 2011.
Although this is one of the oldest industrial zones in Moscow, there are not many historical buildings left here. The enterprise underwent a large-scale reconstruction in the 1970s, and new buildings were erected in place of old buildings. Now there are plans to build a modern urban area with housing, social infrastructure, new jobs and even city attractions.
The total area of the new development is more than 1.5 million square meters. m. It is interesting that 30% of the entire territory of the industrial zone will be landscaped and landscaped. The area will be designed for 19 thousand residents and 26.5 thousand workers.
In addition to housing (1.1 million sq. m), schools, kindergartens, a clinic, parking lots, offices and other commercial facilities will also be built. There will be a media center (172 thousand sq. m) and a House of Culture and Music, which will open on the basis of a former industrial building that is awaiting reconstruction. It will become a highlight not only of the new area, but of the entire city: the project will be prepared by one of the world's leading bureaus in the field of construction of concert halls, Bentham Crouwel from Holland.
It will be the most modern in the capital concert hall for 3.5 thousand people, with music studios, vocal classes and other educational music infrastructure.
The concept for the development of the territory of the Serp i Molot plant was prepared during an architectural competition. His materials were presented at the 2013 World Architecture Festival in Singapore, where he aroused keen interest among the global architectural community. This competition became one of the largest events in modern urban planning in Moscow: 52 of the strongest architectural teams, which included 157 companies from 17 countries, took part in it.
The developer chose the concept of the architectural bureau LDA Design from the UK, famous for such projects as Olympic Park in London, the restoration of Central Park in New York and a number of projects for the renovation of industrial areas in Europe.
However, in fact, their concept only formed the basis, and the project itself, including the first quarter of “Svoboda”, was developed by the Russian architectural bureau “Atrium”.
DonStroy Company implements the residential complex "Symbol". The land plot for the block is limited by Zaporozhsky Val Street and Entuziastov Highway. The concept was developed by specialists from the British bureaus LDA Design and UHA London. The construction of the quarter is planned to be completed within ten years. Two blocks have already been put into operation: “Freedom” and “Dignity”.
The project presents housing in segments from comfort to premium. The area of the site for renovation is more than eighty hectares. Here are the areas of the Serp and Molot plant, which will be demolished as a result of the work. Sixty hectares are allocated for the new quarter. The complex will include thirty buildings of varying number of storeys. Their height ranges from five to twenty-seven floors. The planned volume of residential real estate will be 1.5 million square meters. m. The planned number of residents of the quarter is about nineteen thousand people. For sale are one-, two-, three-, four-, five- and six-room apartments, including European options. Ceiling height is 3.1-3.6 m. On the upper floors the project provides for penthouses with views. There is no finishing provided in the apartments. The houses will have central utilities - heating, hot and cold water supply, electricity, sewerage. It is planned to connect to Internet networks, telephone communications, and cable TV.
In addition to housing, the quarter will include commercial and social real estate. Schools, kindergartens, office buildings, a clinic, and cultural facilities will be built here. Space will be allocated for park areas. Green spaces will occupy about forty percent of the site area; in addition to the park in the central part, landscaping of the courtyards is planned. The total green area will be almost thirty hectares. The planned number of underground parking spaces is about ten thousand.
Transport accessibility the complex is good. The stations can be reached on foot, as well as the railway station. There are plans to open another metro station near the complex under construction. Near the residential complex there are several major transport routes - the Third Transport Ring, Entuziastov Highway. During peak hours, traffic jams occur on the highways.
The ecology of the area is satisfactory. The territory was used for the needs of an industrial enterprise. Land reclamation will be required.
The complex is being built next to a neighborhood that has the necessary infrastructure. There are schools, kindergartens, shops, a clinic, shopping malls, dentistry, library, bank branches. In the Lefortovo area there are twenty-two kindergartens, fifteen schools, one private school, lyceum, three evening schools, twenty-two universities, fourteen clinics. The area's trading network is developed, which includes small shops, markets and large chain supermarkets such as Auchan, Dixy, Pyaterochka, and shopping malls.
The Symbol complex is the largest project in the history of the Donstroy company, which is being implemented on the territory of the former Serp and Molot plant. The new building is located in the Lefortovo district of the South-Eastern Administrative District at the intersection of Zolotorozhsky Val street and Entuziastov highway. The multifunctional complex will include 1.5 million sq. m of real estate, of which 857 thousand sq. m the developer defined as residential, the rest - as commercial and social. Demolition of the existing buildings and the complete formation of a new quarter will take at least 10 years.
Architecture and housing stock
30 houses from 5 to 27 floors, designed for 19 thousand residents, will be built in Symbol. The master plan for the renovation of the territory was developed jointly by two British bureaus - LDA Design and UHALondon. Based on the proposed concept, the Atrium architectural studio developed a detailed architectural plan, which formed the basis of the first stage residential complex. In high-rise buildings, the decoration of facades is dominated by vertical lines, with alternating light and dark stripes; in mid- and low-rise buildings - horizontal stripes. Thus, a single architectural ensemble is created from contrasts of color and linear outline.
The first stage of development is divided into two sections - located in the northern part on the side of the Serp and Molot passage, where about 250 thousand square meters will be built. m of housing, and a plot along Entuziastov Highway for another 150 thousand sq. m. m. Buyers are offered comfort and premium class apartments with a minimum area of 27 sq. m. m: from one- to four-room apartments, as well as penthouses with access to the roof. The developer will put the apartments on the last levels up for sale last.
Development of own infrastructure
The construction of shopping and social facilities, in which 16 thousand jobs will be created upon opening. The following will appear on the territory:
- multifunctional center with offices and commercial premises, which, thanks to its non-standard shape, received the name “frog” from the developer;
- 2 schools for 2360 students;
- 1 freestanding kindergarten for 330 seats and 7 built-in for 700 seats;
- adult and children's clinics for 85 and 256 visitors per shift;
- 2 sports and recreation complexes with an area of 4200 sq. m;
- A house of culture and music with a concert hall for 3.5 thousand seats, the architectural design of which was developed in the Dutch studio "Bentham Crouwel" (the investor is still being determined).
Improvement and environment
29.1 hectares are allocated for landscaping, which is approximately 40% of the territory. The central element will be a pedestrian boulevard, the so-called “green river of the quarter,” with trees and shrubs planted on the roadsides. The street will connect two public and business centers located on opposite sides of the microdistrict - in the west and in the east. All courtyards will face the central park; children's rooms will be created on their territory. playgrounds and recreation areas. An underground multi-level parking lot for 10 thousand cars is being built for cars.
Residential complex "Symbol" is located next to the Cossack Glory Park, Lefortovo Park and the Yauza River. There is a school and a lyceum nearby, and near the Ploshchad Ilyicha metro station, which is 5 minutes away, there are several shopping centers, including the Rogozhka shopping center. Transport accessibility is provided by the Entuziastov Highway; the Garden Ring runs 1.5 km from the development. "Donstroy" also intends to build another 4 km of new roads and run a bus route through the territory of the quarter.
Distant rural pastThe territory, in modern Moscow, limited by the Enthusiasts Highway, Zolotorozhsky Val Street and the Serp and Molot Plant passage, in the 16th century was part of the possessions of the monastic village of Karacharova, which belonged to the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery. For almost three centuries, this area served as arable and pasture land - at least, no mention of any settlements here has been preserved in the chronicles.
In 1649, near the village of Karacharova and the Andronikov Monastery, vast tracts of land were demarcated for urban pasture, among which was part of the territory of interest to us. IN late XVII century, the construction of residences of the nobility and kings began here, and in the 1730s, during the construction of the palace and park complex known as the Summer Annenhof, the Annenhof Grove was planted to the east of it. If the grove had survived to this day, then at its southern end it would have become part of a new multifunctional district on the site of the plant, but its fate was different: on June 16 (29), 1904, all the trees were literally “shaved off” by a tornado, which also destroyed Karacharovo in Moscow, Andronovo, Lefortovo barracks and part of Sokolniki, and reached Yaroslavl.
Under the auspices of the state
In 1738–1742 Moscow was surrounded by the line of the Kamer-Collezhsky Val, which became the customs border of the city. Outposts appeared on all main roads: on Vladimirskaya - Rogozhskaya, on Ryazanskaya - Pokrovskaya, and in the 2nd half of the 18th century, a Prolomnaya outpost was built in the Lefortovo area. In 1764, during the secularization of church lands, Andronovka and Karacharovo came under the jurisdiction of the College of Economy. From this moment a new page in the history of these lands begins: they parted with the status of farmland. Already at the beginning of the 19th century, the first factory establishments appeared in the territories adjacent to the outposts. So, for example, on the Topographic map of the Moscow circumference of 1818, the Tar Plant is shown on the outer side of Rogozhsky Val, south of the village of Novaya Andronovka - Kanitelny Plant.
In the early 1840s. The Vladimir road was reconstructed, straightened and received the name Vladimir highway. In 1840, in the village of Novaya Andronovka (to the north of the new highway), the All Saints Church and a high bell tower were erected (architect P.P. Burenin). In 1862, the territory was transformed into the Edinoverie All Saints Nunnery Monastery. In 1873, along the Vladimir highway, a two-story building of the St. Nicholas Church with a chapel of the Intercession was built (Shosse Entuziastov, 7), which has survived to this day in a disfigured form on the territory immediately adjacent to the Hammer and Sickle plant.
Fragment of the “Topographic map of the circles of Moscow”, 1852. Courtesy of the Research Institute of General Planning of Moscow
In the web of railwaysAlmost the most big influence The study area was influenced by the railway construction that began in the early 1860s. The first section of the Moscow-Nizhegorodskaya was built in 1862 railway: her passenger station located behind the Pokrovskaya outpost north of the Ryazan road - now it is the Hammer and Sickle platform. This initial section of the road ran parallel to the Ryazan highway along the northern outskirts of the village of Khokhlovki, and already in 1864 traffic began along the Moscow-Ryazan (Kazan) railway. In 1867, they were joined by the line of the Kursk Railway, the route of which crossed the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val and the Vladimir Road along the bed of the filled-up Zolotoy Rozhok stream, and a little later it was connected to the Nizhny Novgorod Road by a special branch.
The Hammer and Sickle era
During Soviet times, all large enterprises in the described area were nationalized. The Goujon plant was no exception: in 1922 it received the name “Moscow Metallurgical Plant “Sickle and Hammer” (the Dangauer and Kaiser plant became the Kotloapparat plant, and the Vladimir Highway was renamed the Enthusiasts Highway). The expansion of the metalworking plant began in the 1930s: neighboring buildings were demolished, and in their place new buildings of the Hammer and Sickle plant appeared - shaped foundry, calibration and strip rolling shops.
The Hammer and Sickle plant was an exemplary enterprise of its time, where not only a record number of products were produced, but also new technologies were constantly invented and introduced. Thus, in 1932, at the new cold rolling mill here, for the first time in the country, the production of strips with a thickness of 0.1-1.0 mm made of stainless steel was mastered. And in 1949, the world's first technology for using oxygen to intensify open-hearth steel production was developed, for which its authors were awarded the USSR State Prize of the first degree.
The plant experienced a second large-scale reconstruction already in the 1970s, as a result of which Serp i Molot abandoned open-hearth furnaces, fully automated its production and switched to manufacturing products from high-alloy and stainless steel grades. Extensive new industrial and warehouse construction took place along the Enthusiasts Highway: on the site of one or two-story buildings, a large complex of a research institute for the cable industry was erected here.
Modern times
The glory of the leading enterprise passed in the 1990s, when the volume of output was significantly reduced: economic and political realities made their own adjustments. Almost the main activity of the plant was leasing its premises, which, in turn, gradually led to the natural decline of the territory. Discussions about the need for a comprehensive reconstruction of the “triangle” have been going on since the early 2000s: the city has repeatedly planned to locate offices and shopping centers, in 2006 there was even an idea to move one of the Moscow train stations here (more precisely, to restore the Nizhny Novgorod station that once existed in this area). However, all these projects remained on paper, and the only large-scale work that took place in the immediate vicinity of the shutdown plant was the construction of the Third Transport Ring.
Actually, it was the appearance of such an important transport artery as the Third Transport Ring here that forced the city authorities to pay the closest attention to the semi-abandoned territory of the plant. Since 2007, the Moscow Government began studying possible scenarios for the reorganization of the industrial zone. Development projects for "Sickle and Molot" have been developed several times since then, the last two options s in April of this year by the Moscow Architectural Council.
Then two planning projects were submitted to the council - a plot of the former factory territory with an area of 19 hectares and a plot with an area of 53 hectares (the Third Transport Ring divides the Hammer and Sickle industrial zone into exactly these unequal triangles). In the first part, the authors of the planning project (SUE NIiPI General Plan and the PROJECTUS company) proposed to place a multifunctional complex development, the author of the second concept - Financial and Organizational Consulting LLC - provided for the creation of a media park, a hotel, a new building for the Shalom theater, an office and trade and exhibition complexes. Members of the Architectural Council unanimously recommended rejecting these projects, including due to the colossal disconnection of the two territories, which in an urban planning sense can and should be a single whole. According to experts, the transport scheme, typology of buildings and the environmental component of the projects also required improvements. In order to create a “socially controlled, rather than socially isolated space,” and also taking into account the enormous potential of this site for the city, the Architectural Council recommended that the developer make the development of an architectural and urban planning concept the subject of an international competition.
The Hammer and Sickle industrial zone in the Lefortovo district is being actively reconstructed. The area of the reorganized territory is 58 hectares. The site is limited to the west by st. Zolotorozhsky Val, from the south - Entuziastov Highway, from the east - the passage of the Serp and Molot Plant. In August 2019, the Green River Park opened there, which has a bridge on “bowls” with grapes, an amphitheater with swing chairs, a labyrinth in the “centuries-old oak”, a giant sandbox and a cloud of stumps.
At the end of the 19th century, a French entrepreneur founded the Moscow Metal Plant Partnership here. In Soviet times, it was nationalized and the largest plant in Central Russia was created. It was named the Moscow Metallurgical Plant "Sickle and Hammer".
In Soviet times, pipes, steel products, wire and metal sheets were produced here. After the 1990s, the volume of production decreased sharply. The workshops were closed one after another, the plant ceased operations in 2011.
How will the territory of the former Hammer and Sickle industrial zone change?
Despite the fact that this is one of the oldest industrial zones in Moscow, there are not many historical buildings left here. The enterprise underwent a large-scale reconstruction in the 1970s, and new buildings were erected in place of old buildings.
Now a modern area with housing, social infrastructure, new jobs and attractions is being built here.
The area of new development exceeds 1.5 million square meters. meters. Moreover, 30% of the industrial zone will be landscaped and landscaped. The district is designed for 19 thousand residents and 26.5 thousand workers.
In addition to housing (1.1 million sq. m), there will be a media center (172 thousand sq. m) and a House of Culture and Music, which will open on the basis of a reconstructed industrial building. It will become a landmark not only of the new area, but of the entire city: the project was prepared by one of the world's leading bureaus in the field of construction of concert halls, Bentham Crouwel from Holland.
This will be a modern concert hall with 3.5 thousand seats with music studios, vocal classes and other educational infrastructure.
The concept for the development of part of the territory of the Serp and Molot plant was prepared by order of the investor company Donstroy during an architectural competition. His materials were presented at the 2013 World Architecture Festival in Singapore, where he aroused keen interest among the global architectural community.
This competition became one of the largest events in Moscow urban planning: 52 of the strongest architectural teams, which included 157 companies from 17 countries, took part in it.
The developer chose the concept of the LDA Design architectural bureau from the UK, famous for such projects as the Olympic Park in London, the restoration of Central Park in New York and projects for the renovation of industrial areas in Europe.
Their concept formed the basis, and the project itself, including the first quarter “Svoboda”, was developed by the Russian architectural bureau “Atrium”. Its authors have provided unique architectural features buildings, took into account the transport and environmental components, focused on the convenience and comfort of people, designing well-maintained public spaces.
Work on the site started at the end of 2015. Project “Symbol” will occupy an area of about 60 hectares on the border Central District capital Cities. From here it is less than 5 km to the Kremlin, 1.5 km to the Garden Ring, less than 1 km to the Zolotorozhskaya embankment of the Yauza River and Lefortovo Park.
Construction of the first stage of the Symbol project includes two sections:
Queue 1A(low-rise block "Dignity", 8-13 floors) occupies 4.7 hectares along Entuziastov Highway, next to the Ilyich Square metro station. Built-up area- about 130 thousand sq. m. Building 6 was commissioned in March 2018, commissioning of the remaining buildings (7-9) - end of 2019.
Queue 1B(the Svoboda quarter with buildings up to 27 floors high) occupies 6 hectares in the northern part of the territory, from the driveway of the Serp and Molot plant. Built-up area-about 190 thousand sq. m. The block includes five buildings (1-5), they were commissioned in the summer of 2019.
In 2019, the implementation of the second phase of the project began: construction of the quarter began 2B(“Courage”), which occupies 1.3 hectares between the Svoboda quarter and the territory of the future educational center. The new quarter consists of four monolithic buildings of different heights (10-20-28 floors) with a total area of 81.5 thousand square meters. m.
On the territory of the industrial zone, two schools with 2,375 places will be built, including a physics and mathematics lyceum, created in partnership with MSTU. Bauman. There will be eight kindergartens with 1,030 places, as well as a children's and adult clinic with an area of 7 thousand square meters. m, sports, trade, culture and leisure facilities. Redevelopment of the industrial zone is planned to be completed in 2025.
Opened in summer 2019 Central public park "Green River". There is a bridge on “bowls” with grapes, an amphitheater with swing chairs, a labyrinth in the “centuries-old oak”, a giant sandbox, a cloud of stumps. We tell and show what else you can see here and how to get there.
Interior design projects were developed by the Atrium architectural bureau (Svoboda quarter) and MAD Architects (Dignity quarter). The interior spaces of the houses continue the line of plastic “bionic” architecture: like the facades of the buildings, the interiors are distinguished by smooth curves, dynamic shapes and a contrasting color palette, including creamy, woody and graphite shades.
For each building, an individual accent color was chosen, in which the entrance doors to the apartments, custom-made mailboxes, upholstered furniture in the entrance areas and decorative interior details were made. So, the color of the first building became orange, the second - lilac, the third - deep green, the fourth - turquoise, the fifth - night blue, the seventh - purple, the ninth - mint.
In the decoration of the halls, innovative ceramics Arch-Skin (short for Architectural Skin, “architectural skin”) was used - large-format slabs 3 meters high create a perfectly flat, seamless surface identical to natural stone.
At the same time, the material has incredible strength and vandal-proof resistance to any mechanical stress. Also used: enamel glass, tempered glass, porcelain stoneware. In the elevator halls, convenient navigation “tips” are applied to the walls indicating floors and apartment numbers.
The buildings are equipped with silent elevators from the famous manufacturer Kone (Finland) assembled in Europe. The apartments are distinguished by high ceilings (3.2-3.5 m) and wide-format windows 2.1 m high with high energy efficiency (due to double-glazed windows with low-emissivity glass and argon filling).
New streets are named after Russian travelers and discoverers
Directions between Entuziastov highway and st. Zolotorozhsky Val became Senkevich Boulevard in honor of the scientist and television journalist, host of the popular Soviet and Russian television program “Travelers Club” Yuri Aleksandrovich Senkevich.
The passage between the Enthusiasts Highway and the Third Transport Ring (TTK) was named after Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov, an explorer and navigator who in the 18th century led an expedition to Russian America, which founded the first Russian settlements in North America.
The road from Entuziastov Highway deep into the territory of the new development became Nevelskogo Passage. It is named after the Russian admiral, a famous explorer Far East and the discoverer of Sakhalin Island Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky.
Main Street - from st. Zolotorozhsky Val to the passage of the Hammer and Sickle Plant - it is planned to give the name of the great Russian navigator and admiral Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern. He made the first Russian round-the-world expedition.
