In the village of Anosino near Moscow, in 1821, a small almshouse was built at the temple - a shelter, which very quickly turned into a women's hostel, and soon into a monastery (1823). Saint Philaret Drozdov himself wrote the charter for the women's monastery. The first abbess of the monastery was Abbess Evgeniya, formerly Princess Evdokia Meshcherskaya. The founder of the monastery, Mother Eugenia, died in 1837, she was buried in the Trinity Church next to princes Boris and Gleb.
Like many monasteries and churches during communism, in 1928 the Anosinsky Monastery was looted and destroyed. The Anosin nuns, like many others, experienced all the horrors of “renunciation of faith.” They experienced exile, arrests, executions and expulsions. For their unshakable faith and strength of character, the two nuns were canonized as holy new martyrs. Tatiana Fomicheva died in custody, and in Moscow, Daria Zaitseva was shot at the Butovo training ground.
During the “time of the Reds” the monastery operated for 10 years; in 1923 it celebrated its first century.
Before the closure, Abbess Alipia (popularly Melania Petrovna Taisheva) became the last abbess; until 1942, she tried with all her might to maintain the monastery at the same, proper level.
The restoration of life in the monastery took place only in 1992. Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' gave parting instructions for this, and the monastery was used as the Patriarchal traveling house. After 7 years (1999), the monastery was given the status of an independent stauropegial. Nun Maria (Solodovnikova) was appointed abbess of the monastery in 2005. Later, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill issued a decree appointing Maria as abbess (2012).
There is a holiday in the monastery, every year on October 1, there is a religious procession with a prayer service in honor of the opening of the monastery on this day. Processions of the cross are also carried out on all the patronal celebrations of the monastery: on the days of remembrance, the holy princes of the passion-bearers Boris and Gleb are venerated (May 15 and August 6), the Great Martyr Anastasia the Pattern Maker (January 4), on the Trinity and Dormition of the Mother of God and St. Demetrius of Rostov (October 4 and November 10).
The monastery has its own values and shrines. The women's monastery houses a large number of reliquaries containing particles of incorruptible relics of saints. Among which are preserved the relics of the nun Varvara, the martyr Tatiana, Saint Simeon of Verkhoturye, the Optina elders, Spyridon of Trimifuntsky, Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), Seraphim of Sarov, Daniel of Pereyaslavl, Venerable Martyr Eugenia, Kiev-Pechersk ascetics, Ignatius and Theophan the Recluse, Dmitry of Rastov, Saints Cyril and Mary of Radonezh,
The Anosin-Borisoglebsky Monastery was created in 1820 on the basis of a women's community at the local church. Organized on the initiative of Princess Evdokia Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya, Fyodor Tyutchev’s aunt, in memory of her husband. At first the monastery existed as an almshouse, which soon became a community, and in 1823 it was erected into a monastery. Princess Evdokia, tonsured into monasticism with the name Evgenia, was the first abbess of the monastery.
This monastery was so famous for its way of life and spiritual achievements that it was called the “Women's Optina Hermitage.” Economic activity also brought glory to the Anosinsky Monastery. People came here from all over Russia to learn from the experience of agriculture, livestock breeding and crafts.
The complex developed mainly between 1824 and 1837. First, the abbess built the Trinity Church at her own expense, which later became the monastery’s cathedral. Around the Trinity Church, which received the significance of a cathedral, two more churches were erected.
The Church of Demetrius of Rostov at the Holy Gate, in the line of the monastery fence, built in the Empire style in 1824, was used as a parish church. It has suffered greatly from time and alterations.
There were three churches in total in the monastery: the cathedral church in honor of Life-Giving Trinity, a temple in the name of St. Dmitry, Metropolitan of Rostov, and in honor of St. Anastasia Pattern Maker, now merged with the hospital. The area was surrounded by a brick fence with four corner towers. The cells, most of the service buildings and the fence were rebuilt again in the 2nd half of the 19th century. at the expense of P. G. Tsurikov (benefactor of the Savvinsky monastery).
The first abbess and founder of the monastery, Eugenia, who reposed on February 3, 1837, was buried in the cathedral church.
The village itself remained small. According to the 10th revision of 1858, in the village of Borisoglebskoye-Anosino, Pavlovsk volost, Zvenigorod district, there were only 26 peasant households.
When this monastery was closed in 1927, the first agricultural commune was opened in its place. But as eyewitnesses say, it lasted until the monastery barns were empty. The Church of Dmitry of Rostov at the gates of the monastery has retained its Empire style. A machine and tractor station was located here for a long time, and the entire monastery is in a rather sad state.
The Moscow Regional Museum of Local Lore, established in 1919, operates on the territory of the monastery.
Re-opened in August 1992 as the Patriarchal Compound.
On December 29, 1999, by resolution of the Holy Synod, the Patriarchal Metochion was transformed into convent with stauropegial status. They began to raise both the temples and the monastery from the ruins at the same time. Father Spiridon is considered one of the most experienced business executives in Russian Orthodox Church. He established agriculture in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And 7 years ago he was sent here.
Now this is a functioning monastery, nuns led by Mother Varachiila work here. The main Trinity Cathedral has been restored, and the gate temple of Demetrius of Rostov is under restoration. Today, 25 nuns live in the Anosinsky monastery. More than 100 hectares of land were returned to the monastery, wood processing production and a farm were organized. In addition to the sisters, more than 60 workers work here. People even come from former Soviet republics in search of work.
Borisoglebsky Anosin Convent (Anosin Pustyn) - an active stauropegial convent in the village of Anosino, Istrinsky district, Moscow region, 7 km from the city of Dedovsk. Founded on June 25, 1823 by Princess Avdotya Meshcherskaya, the aunt of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev. Named in honor of the Russian princes and holy passion-bearers Boris and Gleb, in memory of the late husband of the founder, Prince Boris Ivanovich Meshchersky.
Photo - below
Since 1927 and all subsequent Soviet period was closed. Returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1992. It began operating again as a monastery on December 29, 1999. 25 nuns live in the monastery and about 60 workers work. The last months of the life of the Russian poet and performer Vladimir Volkov passed at the monastery.
Almshouse and hostel
The history of the monastery dates back to 1810, when Princess Evdokia Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya, using her own funds, ordered the construction of the Trinity Church, under which a community of serfs was created. In 1820, the princess opened an almshouse at the church. On April 17, 1823, the almshouse was reorganized into the Boriso-Gleb women's hostel. Before this, Evdokia Nikolaevna submitted a petition to the emperor to turn the hostel into a monastery, attaching plans for the existing buildings on its territory and indicating those that she was going to build at her own expense.
Founding of the monastery
The decree of the All-Russian Emperor Alexander I on the conversion of the Boriso-Gleb hostel into a monastery and the admission of the founder Evdokia Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya to it was issued on June 25, 1823. On September 13 of the same year, the princess was tonsured a nun under the name of Eugenia and became the first abbess of the monastery. In her construction and mentoring activities, she was guided by the advice of Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Philaret, with whom she maintained regular correspondence.
In January 1832, due to illness and conflicts with the treasurer of the monastery, Seraphima, Abbess Eugenia transferred control of the monastery to her and, with the blessing of Philaret, went on a pilgrimage. Returning to Moscow on September 19, 1832, she received a letter from the Metropolitan with an offer to again take over the management of the monastery “to the consolation of everyone there.” Having agreed, on September 24, 1832, Evgenia returned to the Boris and Gleb Monastery.
On February 3, 1837, Abbess Eugenia reposed, her body was placed in a simple oak coffin, prepared by her in advance, and transferred to the hospital church of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia the Pattern Maker, and from there to the Trinity Cathedral. The first abbess was buried on the north side of the Trinity Cathedral near the Boris and Gleb chapel.
Heyday
Despite the fact that the village of Anosino itself remained small (according to the 10th revision of 1858, in the village of Borisoglebskoye-Anosino, Pavlovsk volost, Zvenigorod district, there were only 26 peasant households), the Borisoglebsky Anosino convent located in it was so famous for its way of life and spiritual exploits, that contemporaries called it “women’s Optina Hermitage.” The monastery strictly observed the communal rules of the Monk Theodore the Studite: the morning rule at half past four o'clock in the morning, then mass, obedience, compline, all-night vigil. All nuns were required to be present in the church during the service; they were forbidden to cook in their cells or walk from cell to cell without a blessing. Lay people, even the closest relatives of nuns, were strictly prohibited from entering the monastery.
Since 1856, the hieromonks of the Zosima Hermitage have been the confessors and confessors of the Anosin sisters. The monastery had a hotel for pilgrims and a courtyard in Moscow. Diocesan bishops came to stay at the Anosinskaya monastery, and a special house was built for them in the garden.
Economic activity also brought glory to the Anosinsky Monastery. People came here from all over the empire to learn from the experience of agriculture, animal husbandry and crafts.
The monastery managed to exist for ten years after the revolution. The monastery rules were still zealously observed here. On September 18, 1923, in the presence of many guests from Moscow, the 100th anniversary of the monastery was solemnly celebrated.
Closure and destruction
In 1927, the monastery was officially closed, and the first agricultural commune was organized in its place. But, as eyewitnesses say, it lasted until the monastery barns were empty.
The last solemn church service in Anosin in the 20th century took place on Trinity Day in 1928. On June 7, 1928, Abbess Alypia and the last six nuns were arrested and brought to the Secret Operational Directorate of the OGPU under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, and subsequently deported.
For a long time, a machine and tractor station was located in the Church of Demetrius of Rostov at the Holy Gate of the monastery. One of the departments of the Moscow Regional Museum of Local Lore, organized in 1919, also operated on the territory of the monastery.
By the end of the 20th century, only the monastery walls, the ruins of the main temple, part of the gate church and outbuildings remained from the historical buildings.
Discovery and restoration
In August 1992, the remaining buildings from the monastery and more than 100 hectares of adjacent land were transferred to the Moscow Patriarchate; until 1999, the Patriarchal Metochion was located on the territory of the former monastery.
On December 29, 1999, by resolution of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Patriarchal Metochion was transformed into a convent with the status of a stauropegy. With the help of nuns and workers, the main Trinity Cathedral was restored and gate church Demetrius of Rostov. Organized woodworking production and farm.
Only one of the former novices of the Borisoglebsk Anosin Monastery, schema-nun Anna (Teplyakova), lived to see the revival of her native monastery. In the 2000s, two former nuns of the Borisoglebsk Anosin Monastery were glorified in the Cathedral of the Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia as venerable martyrs - Daria (Zaitseva), who was shot at the Butovo training ground in 1938, and Tatiana (Fomicheva), who died in custody during the period of repression.
Architecture
The architectural complex of the Borisoglebsky Anosin Monastery developed mainly in the first half of the 19th century. First, the abbess of the monastery, Mother Eugenia, in the world Princess Avdotya Meshcherskaya, built at her own expense the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1810-1812), which since 1823 has become the main church of the monastery. Then, around the Trinity Church, which received the status of a cathedral, two more churches were erected: the Church of St. Demetrius of Rostov and the Church of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia the Pattern Maker.
The regular quadrangle of the monastery territory along its entire perimeter is surrounded by a low brick wall with decorative machicolations. At the corners of the fence there are four towers with cone-shaped roofs. The gate of the main entrance to the monastery is late, in a false Byzantine character. On the territory, in addition to three churches, there was also a hospital building with a shelter, cells, a refectory, a workshop, grain barns, other residential and outbuildings, and two ponds for fish breeding. The fence, cells and other services of the monastery were rebuilt in the second half of the 19th century at the expense of P. G. Tsurikov, the benefactor of the Savvinsky monastery.
Trinity Cathedral
Trinity Cathedral, also known by the name of one of the chapels under the name Borisoglebsky, was built in 1810-1812. in the style of mature classicism, close to the Cossack school. The double-height rotunda of the temple is covered with a dome with a light wooden lantern and a crown of lucarnes. The plastered facades are rusticated, the sandstones and cornices are made of white stone. The temple has two chapels: the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God and the holy passion-bearers Boris and Gleb (in memory of his late wife, Prince Boris of Meshchersky). The temple and the refectory are connected by a short passage; a slender bell tower, topped with a cylindrical tier of bells, rises above the western porch. In 1863-1867 the refectory was reconstructed, and in the 1930s. together with the bell tower was dismantled. In the 20th century, the cathedral was partially destroyed, completely restored and re-consecrated in 2006.
In 1824, on the territory of the monastery at the Holy Gate, the Church of St. Demetrius of Rostov was built, a small pillarless church in the Empire style with large arched windows above the northern and southern entrances and corner rusticated pylons characteristic of that time. The Church of Demetrius of Rostov was built into the line of the monastery fence and was used as a parish church, since entry for the laity to the rest of the monastery territory was prohibited. The church has suffered greatly from time and alterations, but has retained its Empire style. At the beginning of the 21st century, its restoration was completed.
Church of Anastasia the Pattern Maker
In 1828-1829 The Church of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia the Pattern Maker was built at the monastery hospital. Named in honor of the heavenly patroness Princess Anastasia Ozerova - the only daughter of Evdokia and Boris Meshchersky. The church was often rebuilt, and during the Soviet period the building was completely lost. Since 2009, the church has been built in a new location.
WIKIPEDIA
History of the Anosino-Borisoglebsky Monastery
The village of Anosino is located 20 minutes away (by bicycle) from Pavlovskaya Sloboda. Her story is also very interesting. Even in stagnant times, people knew that there once was a monastery here. Only the walls and part of the gate church remained.
The Anosin-Borisoglebsky Monastery was founded in 1820. based on a women's community at a local church. It was founded on the initiative of Princess Evdokia Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya, Fyodor Tyutchev’s aunt, in memory of her husband. At first the monastery existed as an almshouse, which soon became a community, and in 1823 it was erected into a monastery. Princess Evdokia, tonsured into monasticism with the name Evgenia, was the first abbess of the monastery.
This monastery was so famous for its way of life and spiritual exploits that it? called "Women's Optina Hermitage". Economic activity also brought glory to the Anosinsky Monastery. People came here from all over Russia to learn from the experience of agriculture, livestock breeding and crafts.
The complex developed mainly between 1824 and 1837. First, the abbess built the Trinity Church at her own expense, which later became the monastery’s cathedral. Around the Trinity Church, which received the significance of a cathedral, more were erected? two churches.
Trinity Cathedral, better known by the name of the border under the name Borisoglebsky (1810-1812), was built in the style of mature classicism, close to the Cossack school, and was built as a rural church by order of Meshcherskaya. The temple and the two-aisle refectory are connected by a short passage; a slender bell tower, topped with a cylindrical tier of bells, rises above the western porch. In 1863-1867 the refectory was reconstructed, and in the 1930s. together with the bell tower was dismantled. The double-height rotunda of the temple is covered with a dome with a light wooden lantern and a crown of lucarnes. The plastered facades are rusticated, the sandstones and cornices are made of white stone.
The Church of Demetrius of Rostov at the Holy Gate, in the line of the monastery fence, built in the Empire style in 1824, was used as a parish church. It has suffered greatly from time and alterations.
There were three churches in total in the monastery: the cathedral church in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, the church in the name of St. Dmitry, Metropolitan of Rostov, and in honor of St. Anastasia Pattern Maker, now merged with the hospital. The territory was surrounded by a brick fence with four corner towers. The cells, most of the service buildings and the fence were rebuilt again in the 2nd half. XIX century at the expense of P.G. Tsurikova (benefactor of the Savvinsky monastery).
The first abbess and founder of the monastery, Eugenia, who reposed on February 3, 1837, was buried in the cathedral church.
The village itself remained small. According to the 10th revision of 1858, in the village of Borisoglebskoye-Anosino, Pavlovsk volost, Zvenigorod district, there were only 26 peasant households.
When this monastery was closed in 1927, the first agricultural commune was opened in its place. But as eyewitnesses say, it lasted until the monastery barns were empty. The Church of Dmitry of Rostov at the gates of the monastery has retained its Empire style. A machine and tractor station was located here for a long time, and the entire monastery is in a rather sad state.
The Moscow Regional Museum of Local Lore, established in 1919, operates on the territory of the monastery.
Re-opened in August 1992 as the Patriarchal Compound.
On December 29, 1999, by resolution of the Holy Synod, the Patriarchal Metochion was transformed into a convent with stauropegial status. They began to raise both the temples and the monastery from the ruins at the same time. Father Spiridon is considered one of the most experienced business executives in the Russian Orthodox Church. He established agriculture in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And 7 years ago he was sent here.
Archimandrite Spiridon, confessor of the Anosinsky Boriso-Gleb Monastery: “On collective farms everything is public: everything around is collective farm, everything around is mine. And the monastery is a big family, and the people’s attitude towards work is as if it were for themselves. A person by nature is a private citizen, and when he works for himself, sees the results and uses them, then a different attitude is formed.”
The founder and first abbess of the Anosin Boriso-Gleb Monastery was Abbess Evgenia (1774-1837), in the world Evdokia, née Tyutcheva (aunt of the famous Russian poet F.I. Tyutchev). At the age of 22, Evdokia married Prince Boris Meshchersky. However, the Lord ordained a different path for her. Having barely touched the cup of earthly joys with her lips in a blessed marriage, Princess Evdokia Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya drank the full cup of sorrow. Less than three months after the wedding, the beloved husband died suddenly, leaving the young widow expecting a baby. The princess did not want to tie the knot again, devoting her life to raising her daughter and doing charity work.
In 1799, she acquired the village of Anosino on the picturesque bank of the Istra River, where, despite the hardships and disruptions caused by the Napoleonic army, through the diligence of Princess Meshcherskaya, a church was erected in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity with chapels of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God and the holy passion-bearers Boris and Gleb (in memory of about the deceased spouse).
In 1821, an almshouse was opened at the church, which was soon transformed into a women's hostel, and then into a monastery. The regulations for the hostel were drawn up personally by Saint Philaret (Drozdov), who subsequently did not leave Anosin’s deserts with his merciful attention, loved to visit her and valued the spiritual friendship with her abbess.
Princess Evdokia Meshcherskaya, having long wanted to become a monk, petitioned for her entry into the hostel. Her soul yearned for the humble path of a simple nun, but at the insistence of St. Philaret she accepted the cross of abbess. So in 1823, Princess Evdokia Meshcherskaya became the first abbess of the Anosin Monastery - Abbess Evgenia.
There was a lot to do, but the abbess was not afraid of the work. With the goal of reviving the spirit of ancient monastic life, with which the monasteries shone so brightly ancient Rus', she asks St. Philaret for a strict charter for the Boris and Gleb monastery, and the bishop gives the sisters the rank of the hostel of Theodore the Studite. The monastery in Anosino, remote from human habitation and worldly bustle, was a desert not only in name. No outsiders walked on the territory of the monastery at all (this rule was strictly observed until its closure during Soviet times). According to the charter, hired labor was not allowed in the monastery. The sisters did all the work themselves, including making shoes. At the same time, it was forbidden to go into the world “to collect” (that is, to receive alms for the needs of the monastery). There was a lot of work in the monastery, but so much so that it did not interfere with prayer. Regular, long services began late at night. In private, the sisters practiced the Jesus Prayer. So that nothing would distract the sisters from their internal work, there was not even lighting in the cells (except for the lamp in front of the icons). The communal rules freed the nuns from unnecessary worries and at the same time taught them humility and non-covetousness. In the cells it was not allowed to have anything superfluous, only the most necessary; no one could receive anything from the world. Under the wise and active mistress, the monastery quickly improved both externally and internally.
Trying to introduce the ancient rite of communal monastic life, Mother Eugenia did not forget about the creation of her own soul. In the temple she prayed reverently, in her cell she strictly followed the monastic rule, she had almost nothing except the most necessary things, observed abstinence, was content with simple food in the monastery meal, wore a hair shirt on her body and slept on a hard bed, with the briefest sleep. She spent most of the night in prayer, reading the Word of God and patristic books. In order to awaken mortal memory in herself, many years before her death she ordered a coffin to be built and a grave to be dug, which she often visited with tears and weeping. Abbess Eugenia was endowed with a lively mind and the gift of eloquence; her conversation captivated her listeners. But Mother’s special distinguishing feature was the deepest, unhypocritical humility that permeated her attitude towards both monastics and laity.
In 1837, at the age of 63, the founder of the monastery and its first abbess, Mother Eugenia, died and was buried in the monastery Trinity Church near the chapel of the holy noble princes Boris and Gleb. The abbess of the monastery became her goddaughter and pupil, sister Anastasia, who had previously been a serf princess of Meshcherskaya, a servant of her daughter Anastasia. Her stay with Abbess Eugenia, under whom she was treasurer for quite a long time, formed her, and since she revered the memory of the late abbess, she tried to maintain the order she had established, and her abbess was a continuation of the previous one. She ruled the Anosin Monastery for twenty years (before transferring to the Serpukhov Vladychny Monastery).
During her abbess, the granddaughter of the founder of the monastery, Evdokia (in monasticism, Evgenia) Ozerov, entered the monastery and became a nun, becoming the third abbess of the monastery (1854–1875). Like her grandmother, the new abbess was elevated to the rank of abbess by Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow. Before accepting the position of abbess, Evdokia Semyonovna, without at all boasting of her origins and kinship with the founding mother, for 5 years went through all obediences with humility and love: she carried water and firewood to the kitchen, washed clothes, prepared food for the sisters’ meals, washed the floors , she pawned the horse herself.
Under the leadership of Abbess Eugenia the Younger Anosin, the monastery was successfully improved and by the seventies of the last century it had become an exemplary communal desert both in its way of life and in its spiritual achievements. The monastery was famous primarily for its asceticism. Its nuns often became abbess of other monasteries and communities. It is no coincidence that the portrait of the Anosinskaya Abbess Evgenia adorned the abbot's corps of the Optina Hermitage - the Optina elders often sent their spiritual daughters to the Anosin Hermitage, knowing that it was there that they would receive help in monastic feats and spiritual nourishment. In general, the Anosinsky Monastery was often called the “women’s Optina Hermitage”: eldership was also developed here - the tradition of spiritual care for monastics, especially novice sisters. Each of them was given to an experienced nun - an elder, and the relationship between them was built on mutual trust, without which it is impossible to acquire humility and obedience - the beginning of all other Christian virtues.
In 1875, Mother Evgenia was transferred to Moscow, where until her death in 1890 she was the abbess of the Moscow Passion Monastery. And after her, nun Raphaila (Rovinskaya), unanimously elected by the sisters and approved by the diocesan authorities, became the abbess of the Anosin Monastery. Abbess Raphaila was a worthy successor to Abbess Eugenia in 1875–1879; After the Anosin monastery, she ruled a number of monasteries in the Moscow diocese.
The fifth abbess, Mother Ioanna (Makarova), headed the monastery for about forty years (1879–1918-1919?) and died at the age of 90 after the revolution (mother came to the monastery as an 18-year-old girl). She was a strict ascetic, did not accept any personal services, did everything in her cell herself: she cleaned, heated, set the samovar, she did not have a separate table, but used the common one, the sister’s, and, as contemporaries testified, throughout her long-term abbess she never violated this rule. Mother attended church services indiscriminately; her last appearance in church was two days before her death. After death, a hair shirt was found on her. As an abbess, Abbess Ioanna was strict. Receiving sisters into the monastery, she made them agree to remain in the monastery until death and did not allow any trips or vacations to their homeland. She provided care for the elderly and took every possible care so that the nuns of the monastery did not spend time idly. At the same time, the abbess’s strictness regarding the spiritual structure of monastic life was neither callous nor cruel. She was merciful to the sisters, like a mother, and they revered their abbess. According to the testimony of Bishop Arseny (Zhadanovsky), “holy kinship” united her soul with the soul of the famous elder of the Zosima Hermitage, Schema-Abbot Herman (Gomzin), who “from time to time visited her with the aim of learning monasticism and being comforted by conversation.”
Before the revolution of 1917, the Borisoglebskaya Anosinskaya monastery was prosperous. About 180 nuns and novices worked there, the economy was well established, almost all types of agricultural work were carried out here, embroidery and other handicrafts were done.
Hard Times
After the revolution, the Anosin-Borisoglebsky Monastery existed for another ten years. In 1923, already under the Bolsheviks, it celebrated its centenary. Its last before its closure, Abbess Alipia (1875–1942; in the world Melania Petrovna Taisheva, the spiritual daughter of schema-abbess Tamar (Mardzhanova), in the schema - Evgenia), having accepted the monastery in a flourishing state, tried with all her might to maintain the monastic spirit and way of life as before high level. But oppression from the authorities could not help but take its toll: the monastery was subject to heavy taxes. The nuns always worked a lot, but only enough to support themselves: the rules of the monastery did not allow them to have anything extra, since prayer was the main thing in their lives. Now, in order to pay taxes, they had to expand the economy: they began to raise pigs, quilt blankets, knit stockings and downy things for sale on specially purchased machines, and breed downy rabbits for this. The nutrition deteriorated, the sisters began to get tired. It was necessary, without reducing services, to transfer them from night to a more convenient time in the morning. Few new sisters began to arrive from the world, but until the closure there were still about 130 nuns and novices.
During these years, from June 1925 to July 1926 (before exile in Diveevo), Bishop (martyr) Seraphim (Zvezdinsky) lived in Anosino or on a deserted monastic farm near Kubinka. During his stay in the monastery, the bishop celebrated the Divine Liturgy daily in the church of St. Great Martyr Anastasia, alone, with only one psalmist.
In the spring of 1928, government officials came to the monastery from Pavlovskaya Sloboda and demanded that all the sisters be gathered in the refectory within an hour. When everyone had gathered, the visitors informed the nuns that from now on they would be called not a monastery, but a labor artel. But already at the end of June they came again and arrested mother, two priests and four more sisters. Those arrested were taken to Moscow, and the rest were ordered to vacate the monastery after three days. The sisters dispersed in all directions, but even before that, without waiting for them to leave, the nuns’ cells were occupied local residents, So last days they spent the night in the refectory on the floor. The monastery archive and library were confiscated and sent to the city of Istra. The icons taken by the militant atheists from the Anosin monastery were immersed in special vats of acid to obtain gold, after which they were immediately burned. The monastery bells also perished. As for various church utensils, they were confiscated back in the early 20s during a campaign to confiscate church valuables.
The territory of the monastery was also devastated. In the VMC temple. Anastasia Pattern Makers first set up a club, then it was rebuilt into a barracks-type building. The bell tower and chapels of the Trinity Cathedral were blown up during the Great Patriotic War. In the church of St. Dimitri Rostovsky located a rural store. On the basis of a well-coordinated economy, an agricultural commune was created, transformed into one of the first collective farms near Moscow. Back in the early 90s, tractors and trucks entered the territory of the monastery through huge gaps in the walls - motor vehicles and repair shops were located here.
But the flame of spiritual life did not go out, and outside the monastery walls the nuns did not break ties with each other - spiritual friendship bound them for life. They visited their sisters on name days, helped during illnesses, and were each other’s reliable support in all the sorrowful circumstances of life. Particularly touching was the affection of their spiritual daughters for their mentors - many of them voluntarily went into exile to follow their elders. Other nuns lived at church gatehouses until they were very old, serving the temples. They were distinguished by meekness, humility, silence - everything that was so characteristic of the former Anosin nuns. Two Anosinsk sisters are glorified in the host of new martyrs and confessors of Russia - the Venerable Martyr Daria (Zaitseva), who was shot at the Butovo training ground near Moscow - March 1 / 14, and the Venerable Martyr Tatiana (Fomicheva), who died in custody - November 20 / December 3.
Blessed Pelageya, who loved to visit the Anosin hermitage, shortly before its closure, predicted: “The monastery will exist until the last sister moves into eternity.” The last sister, schema-nun Anna (Teplyakova), a former novice of the Boriso-Gleb Anosin Monastery, waited for the revival of her native monastery.
Renaissance
In 1992, at her request, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II blessed the monastery to be taken over for restoration, first as a patriarchal metochion, and in 1999 it received the status of an independent stauropegial monastery.
To resume monastic life in Anosin, the nuns of the Riga Trinity Monastery, led by nun Varachiila (Buchelnikova), arrived. It is significant that the founder of the Riga Monastery, schema-abbess Sergia (Mansurova), was the spiritual daughter of the third Anosin abbess Evgenia (Ozerova), the granddaughter of the original founder Evgenia, and adopted the precepts of the Anosin Hermitage. Archimandrite Spiridon, a resident of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, was appointed the builder and confessor of the monastery. In 2005, nun Maria (Solodovnikova) was appointed abbess of the monastery.
In recent years, the Trinity Church and the gateway church of St. Demetrius of Rostov have been rebuilt from the ruins. The Church of Anastasia the Pattern Maker is being rebuilt. In 2006, Patriarch Alexy II consecrated the temple-chapel of the Holy Queen Tamara, erected in the cemetery of the village of Anosino. The nursing buildings have been improved, a shelter for girls has been established at the monastery, and a strong monastic economy is being established.
Among the shrines of the monastery are reliquaries with particles of the relics of many saints: the patrons of the monastery, the noble prince-martyrs Boris and Gleb, Saints Ignatius (Brianchaninov) and Theophan the Recluse, Spiridon of Trimifuntsky, Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), the Kiev-Pechersk ascetics, the Optina elders, the venerable Kirill and Mary of Radonezh, Seraphim of Sarov, Daniel of Pereyaslavl, Righteous Simeon of Verkhoturye, Blessed Matrona of Moscow, Martyr Tatiana, Martyr Eugene, Venerable Martyrs Grand Duchess Elizabeth and Nun Varvara and other saints.
The sisters reverently honor the memory of the first Abbess Evgenia (Meshcherskaya), her granddaughter Abbess Evgenia (Ozerova), later the abbess of the Passionate Monastery in Moscow, the strict ascetic and ardent prayer book of Abbess Ioanna (Makarova), who acquired the gift of the unceasing Jesus Prayer, and the confessor of Schema Abbess Evgenia (Taisheva) . The burial place of two abbess Eugene (the first mother and her granddaughter) was found near the walls of the Trinity Church. Here in 2001, the honorable remains of Schema-Abbess Evgenia (Taisheva), who completed her earthly journey in exile, far from her native monastery, were transferred. Nuns often come to dear graves, asking for help in bearing the blessed, but difficult monastic cross.
Divine services in the monastery are held daily: from 6 a.m. - morning prayers, midnight office, at 8.00 - Divine Liturgy, at 17.00 - evening worship. Day and night the Incessant Psalter is read with remembrance of the health and repose of Orthodox Christians.
For the good of the monastery and for the salvation of their souls, the sisters perform assigned obediences: growing vegetables and juicy fruits, caring for cows and chickens, making cheeses, cottage cheese, sour cream and other dairy products, baking fragrant Anosinsky bread.
Work on the improvement and development of the monastery continues, but the sisters see their main task in reviving the former spiritual height of monastic life.
Every year on October 1, the opening day of the monastery, a religious procession with a prayer service is held. Processions of the cross are also held on all patronal feasts of the monastery.
The service takes place in the Trinity Cathedral of the monastery. In cases where services are performed in other churches, information is provided in the Announcements and the text of the schedule of services.
During Lent, statutory services are held in the morning at 7.00 and in the evening at 17.00. On Wednesdays and Fridays the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is celebrated.
We draw the attention of parishioners to the fact that the Sacrament of Confession is carried out during the evening service. There will be no confession during the Divine Liturgy (exception will be made only for parishioners with small children and the infirm). We remind you that for those wishing to begin communion of the Holy Mysteries of Christ, prayer during the evening service is mandatory.
stauropegial (since December 29, 1999), in the village. Anosino, Istrinsky district, Moscow region, established in June 1823. The founder and first abbess is the abbot. Evgenia (Meshcherskaya Evdokia Nikolaevna, book., nee Tyutcheva; 02/18/1774 - 02/3/1837).
In 1799 in Zvenigorod district. Kng. Meshcherskaya acquired ownership c. Anosino, in May 1810, with the blessing of Metropolitan. Moscow and Kolomna Platon (Levshin) at the expense of the kingdom. Meshcherskaya founded a stone church there in the name of the Holy Trinity with 2 chapels: the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God and in the name of the holy princes Boris (the heavenly patron of the princess's late husband) and Gleb. When the main work on the construction and painting of the temple was completed, Anosino was plundered by the French in 1812. troops, so the consecration of the temple took place only on May 4, 1822. In 1820, the king. Meshcherskaya arranged for wives at the temple. almshouse for 11 people, in 1822 the almshouse was given the status of women. hostels in the name of the holy princes Boris and Gleb. On the same day, with the blessing of St. Philareta (Drozdova), Metropolitan. Moskovsky, book. Meshcherskaya was approved as the hostel's trustee. June 4, 1822 by Hierom. Moscow Intercession of the Most Holy. The Mother of God of the monastery, Jonah performed the first tonsure in the community of 5 sisters into the ryassophore. “Rules on the composition, dependence and structure of the highest approved Borisoglebsky hostel” were drawn up by St. Filaret. The purpose of organizing the hostel was “to provide shelter and decent maintenance... to women burdened by poverty.” Everything produced by the sisters was transferred to the “common benefit of the hostel.”
On June 25, 1823, by decree of the Holy Synod, the Borisoglebsk hostel was transformed into A. B. m., kng. Meshcherskaya was tonsured a monk with the name Evgeniy, elevated to the rank of abbess, and on September 18. took over the management of Mont-Rem. On Nov. 1823 abbot. Eugenia reported to St. Philaret that “St. gates and it would be convenient to build a small church near them in the name of St. Demetrius of Rostov to perform various services there for lay parishioners.” 12 Sep. In 1824 the temple was consecrated to St. Philaret, reconstructed in 1881. In 1828-1829. to the south In part of the monastery, a small hospital building with a shelter and a wooden (from 1854 stone) center was built. in the name of the military center Anastasia the Pattern Maker, patroness of the king's daughter. Meshcherskaya Anastasia Ozerova. In the 20s - early. 30s XIX century cells, a refectory, a workshop, grain barns, a laundry and other residential and outbuildings were built, 2 ponds were dug for fish breeding. Almost all of the first nuns of A.B. m. (12 people) came from peasant families and from serfs. Since Oct. From 1832 to 1863, the monastery, contrary to the wishes of the Anosin abbesses, was a place for repentance and correction of women convicted of drunkenness and adultery; women Old Believers were also sent to the monastery “to exhort them to return from the schism to Orthodoxy.”
With abbot. Anastasia (Komarova; 1837-1854), by decree of the Moscow Consistory, the lease of monastery lands was renewed for 20 years, and in 1842 the monastery was allocated forest lands. The cares of the abbot. Evgenia (Ozerova; 1854-1875), the granddaughter of the founder of the monastery, in 1855 a stone cell building, abbot's cells, a wooden hotel building and houses for clergy were built. Thanks to the donations of the merchant P. G. Tsurikov, a hospice house was built, and the Trinity Church was reconstructed, the Tikhvin chapel of which was reconsecrated on July 23, 1867 in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God.
According to the inventory of 1876, under abbot. Raphael (Rovinskaya; 1875-1879) 180 nuns lived in A.B. m. Income of the monastery in the 2nd half. XIX century amounted to 5-6 thousand rubles. silver per year and consisted of donations, cash deposits, sisters’ handicrafts and income from farmland. By 1900, under the abbot. John (Makarova; 1879-1918 (1919?)), the monastery was owned by 307 dessiatines. land, including arable land - 33 dessiatinas, meadow land - 6 dessiatines, forest land - 260 dessiatines, inconvenient land - 8 dessiatines. The monastery received an annual salary from the treasury - 337 rubles. 43 k. According to the states of 1906, in addition to the abbess and treasurer, 10 nuns and 12 novices were supposed to stay in the monastery (in fact, there were 12 and 9 of them, respectively).
In the beginning. XX century A. B. m. was called “women’s Optina” and “Anosin’s desert”. Many nuns of the monastery left memories, poems, letters and other testimonies about the life of the monastery: “Conversations with my daughter” by the abbot. Evgenia (Meshcherskaya), “Memoirs” - diary and memoirs of abbots. Evgenia (Ozerova), memoirs of Schimon. Leontia (Levitskaya) and others. Although the number of nuns in the monastery was small, 11 of them were later. became abbess of other wives. Mont Rey: Rev. The Olympics are abbot. Kolomna Brusensky Monastery, Evgenia - abbot. Moscow Monastery in honor of the Ascension of the Lord, etc.
After the death of the abbot. Ioanna (Makarova) in 1918 (1919?) was appointed abbot of A.B.M. Alipiya (Taisheva). Despite heavy taxes and oppression by the authorities, the monastery did not close until 1928, becoming the largest spiritual center in the Moscow region. The monastery was visited by Sschmch. Peter (Polyansky), archbishop. Gury (Stepanov), bishop. Bartholomew (Remov), sschmch. Seraphim (Zvezdinsky), schema-higum. Tamar (Marjanova), St. Alexy (Soloviev), schema-heigum. German (Gomzin) and other devotees of the 20th century. Many nuns of the devastated monasteries moved to A.B.M., in the middle. 20s lived in Mont-re for approx. 130 sisters.
In the spring of 1928, the A.B. m. received the status of a labor artel; in July of the same year it was closed. On the basis of the monastery farm, which was considered exemplary, the collective farm “Russia” was created. All the property, archives and library of the monastery were taken to the museum of the New Jerusalem Monastery, most of the icons were burned in special tanks with acid to obtain gold. July 7, 1928 abbot. Alipia, along with 2 priests and several. she was arrested by the nuns and taken to Moscow, then sent into exile; the remaining sisters were ordered to leave the monastery within 3 days. After returning from exile, abbot. Alypia lived in Moscow for some time, then moved to the dacha of long-time benefactors of the Lobov monastery near Kubinka near Moscow, and died on March 18, 1942, taking the schema with the name Evgeniy. After the Great Patriotic War, the surviving nuns of A.B.M. were spiritually nourished by Archpriest. Sergius Orlov (later Hierom. Seraphim), rector of the Intercession Church in the village. Akulov, Mozhaisk district, Moscow region. To the beginning 90s XX century The territory of the A.B. m. was occupied by the Istra machine and tractor station, in the church of St. Dimitri Rostovsky had a cement warehouse and a collective farm club in the hospital building.
In 1992, at the request of the former. novices A. B. m. schema. Anna (Teplyakova) His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II blessed the restoration of A. B. m. From Riga Sergius women. 4 nuns were sent to the monastery. On Christmas Day 1993, the first all-night vigil and liturgy were celebrated in the restored and consecrated Church of St. Demetrius of Rostov, restoration work is underway in the Trinity Church and other surviving buildings. Since 1993, the monastery had the status of a Patriarchal metochion, as determined by the Priest. Synod of December 29 1999 Patriarchal metochion in the village. Anosino has been transformed into a stauropegial female. mon-ry. In 2001, 20 sisters lived in A.B.M., the abbess was Mon. Varachiel (Buchelnikov).
Lit.: Zverinsky. T. 1. P. 101. No. 80; Denisov. pp. 518-519. No. 512; “Women’s Optina”: Materials for the chronicle of the Borisoglebsky convent. M., 1997.
E. B. Yemchenko
