Located on the Trubezh River and Lake Pleshcheyevo, 117 kilometers from the regional center, 140 kilometers from the capital of Russia. The area of the settlement is 23 square kilometers.
According to historical data, the city appeared in 1152 thanks to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, who wanted to make Pereslavl-Zalessky the North-Eastern capital.
At the end of the 13th century, the settlement became the de facto capital of North-Eastern Rus'. Also at this time, Pereslavl was plundered several times by Horde invaders.
In 1374, a meeting of boyars and princes was organized in the city, at which the question of liberating Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke was first raised.
In 1688, on the city lake, by order of Peter, the construction of a flotilla began, and four years later a parade was organized in honor of the completion of construction.
In 1884, in locality The Pereslavl water supply system was built. In 1936 the city became part of Yaroslavl region. Moscow time is msk in Pereslavl.
Telephone code of Pereslavl-Zalessky - 48535. Postal code - 152024.
Industrial enterprises: bakery, production of plastic utensils, workshop of the Kodak company, production of building materials, tobacco production, food production.
The city is part of tourist route "Golden ring".
Climate and weather
A temperate continental climate prevails in Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Winters are moderately cold and long. Summer is warm and short.
The warmest month is July - average temperature is 18.2 degrees, the coldest month is February - average temperature is -8.3 degrees.
The average annual precipitation is 635 mm.
Weather in Pereslavl-Zalessky
Population of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky for 2019-2020
Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of residents over the past 10 years.
The total number of residents in 2018 was 38.6 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a steady decline in population from 42,700 people in 2006 to 38,649 people in 2018.
As of January 2019, Pereslavl-Zalessky ranked 402nd out of 1,117 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.
Sights of Pereslavl-Zalessky
1.Lake Pleshcheyevo- a natural landmark of the southwest of the Yaroslavl region. Overall dimensions of the reservoir: length up to 9 kilometers, width up to 6 kilometers, depth up to 25 meters. A pumping station is installed next to the lake, which supplies the city with water.
2.Blue stone- a historical natural site, which is located on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo and has been here since the times of pagan Rus'. The stone received its name for its ability to change its color depending on the weather. Overall dimensions of the stone: length - 3 meters, width - 2.6 meters, weight 12 tons.
3.Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky- a monument in the form of a bronze bust was erected in honor of the founder of Pereslavl-Zalessky. On this moment The monument is located on the territory of the Goritsky Monastery.
Transport
The city is located railroad station Pereslavl, which connects the city with Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Alexandrov.
City transport consists of buses and minibuses.
From the city bus station there are bus services to
“There is a lost world in Russia,
That lives not for words, not for fame,
What is lost, like Kitezh, by people -
This is a city in the forests - Pereslavl."
(Natalia Martishina)
Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city, located in the very center of Russia, 140 km. from Moscow. This is the second tourist destination of the Golden Ring after Sergiev Posad on the Moscow-Kholmogory federal highway leading from the capital to the White Sea. Pereslavl and its surroundings contain many wonderful ancient monuments of the 12th-19th centuries and “places of memory” associated with important historical events and famous personalities.
I love this cute, cozy town so much that in my own ranking of ancient Russian cities it is firmly in the top three, and perhaps even takes first place in it. I am drawn here again and again, and especially drawn when I have just left it.
Entering Pereslavl, 4 km. from the city limits, we see the Chapel “Cross” (Fedorovskaya). At this very place in the 16th century, while on a trip to holy places, the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia Romanova, gave birth to Tsarevich Fyodor. Fedor became the last king of the fading Rurik dynasty. In honor of his birth, Ivan the Terrible ordered the erection of a cross of gratitude, which was later replaced by a stone chapel.
By the way, there were three Pereslavl in Rus'. “To take over the glory” meant “to win.” Back in Kievan Rus in the 10th century, a certain youth defeated the Pecheneg hero in single combat, “took over his glory,” and in honor of this feat, the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, now the city of Khmelnitsky, was founded. In 1095, the second Pereyaslavl, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan, arose, now this city is called Ryazan. And only the third Pereyaslavl, after the letter “I” dropped out of the city’s name in the 15th century, is our Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Pereslavl-Zalessky is the same age as Moscow. It was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 in Zalesye, an area separated from the southern Russian steppes by dense forests. Under Dolgoruky and his immediate descendants, Pereslavl was a powerful fortress that protected the capital cities of Vladimir and Suzdal from the Volga Bulgars and Smolensk and Novgorod armies during the time of princely strife.
The city experienced its dawn in the 13th century, when it became the center of an appanage principality. The first Pereslavl prince was Yaroslav, the son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Under him the city turned into a major political and Cultural Center North-Eastern Rus'. Below we see the defensive earthen rampart that surrounded the city center.
Yaroslav's son Alexander Nevsky became famous for his victories over the Swedes on the Neva River in 1240 and over the Teutonic knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice). In the 16th century he was canonized as an all-Russian saint. His son Dmitry in 1276 became the Grand Duke of Vladimir and made Pereslavl the de facto capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.
His son Ivan Dmitrievich was the last Pereslavl prince. He died childless in 1302, and his inheritance went to his uncle, the son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil, the first Moscow prince, after whom Moscow gradually became the main princely center. But in order to keep Pereslavl in their power, the Moscow princes for another 160 years were forced to accept the title of Prince of Pereslavl. This ritual disappeared only after Dmitry Donskoy.
During the period of the Tatar yoke, Pereslavl was completely bankrupt and burned to the ground six times. In 1374, an important event took place in the city that preceded the Battle of Kulikovo - a congress of Russian princes took place here, the reason for which was the baptism of Dmitry Donskoy's son Yuri. The ceremony was conducted by the Abbot of the Russian Land - St. Sergius of Radonezh. At this congress, an important decision was made to fight the Mongols.
In the 15th and 16th centuries Pereslavl became a major craft and shopping center Moscow Rus'. The sovereign's falconers and fishermen played a special role. The fishermen who supplied their catch to the Moscow Kremlin lived along the banks of the mouth of the Trubezh River. This place in the city is still called Rybnaya Sloboda. We can see the mouth of the river in the photo below.
The Pereslavl Great Road, which crossed the city in two in pre-Petrine Russia, was called Yamskaya. The largest settlement of coachmen here was called Yam, and there were about 70 households. We see this road in the very center of the city in the photo.
Here, on hunting and pilgrimage, Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible visited more than once. After the devastation of the Time of Troubles, the city was almost entirely rebuilt. At the end of the 17th century, Pereslavl was destined to become the cradle of the Russian navy. Young Peter I built his first “amusing” flotilla here.
It is best to start getting acquainted with the city from the place where it originated, from Red Square (formerly Cathedral Square), with its city ramparts, the 12th-century Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral and other ancient monuments. Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded on a cape formed by the Trubezh River and the Murmash River. From the south and west the city was surrounded by the artificial Grobl ditch.
Pereslavl was the largest of the fortresses built by Yuri Dolgoruky. Only later it was surpassed by fortifications new capital North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir. The 12th century earthen rampart that has survived to this day reaches a circumference of 2.5 km, its height is about 10 m, and its width is 6 m. We, of course, walked along its perimeter.
Near the ramparts rises ancient temple Pereslavl - Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. This is the earliest surviving monument of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture of the pre-Mongol era.
This is a small, 21 meter high, fortress temple, intended for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress city. This is what determined its stern, monumental appearance, with virtually no decorative decoration.
To the left of the cathedral, near the city rampart, in the 13th century there stood the palace of the Pereslavl appanage princes. According to legend, here, in 1220, the Russian national hero, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, was born. Now, presumably at this place we see such a wooden structure.
But, alas, there is no exact data. The memorial plaque hangs not on a wooden house, but on the cathedral, and does not indicate the exact location. You can understand that the great commander was probably born somewhere here, probably somewhere nearby, most likely nearby.
In 1958, in memory of the great fellow countryman, a bronze bust of Alexander Nevsky by sculptor S.M. Orlov was installed on Red Square in Pereslavl in front of the Transfiguration Cathedral. The bust and the cathedral are symbols of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Not far from the cathedral, in a place called the “sovereign courtyard”, rises one of the most beautiful and oldest churches in the city - the tented church of Peter the Metropolitan. It was built in honor of Peter, Metropolitan of Vladimir, who was accused by the Tver clergy of trading in church positions. Peter was acquitted, became an associate of Ivan Kalita and was later canonized as a Russian saint. The shape of the temple resembles the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye in Moscow.
The preserved part is also adjacent to Red Square architectural ensemble Vladimir-Sretensky Novodevichy Convent. Here we see two churches - Vladimir Cathedral and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.
The construction of paired temples, similar in architecture, is a tradition of the Yaroslavl school of architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 1990s, worship was restored in both churches.
From the monastery, part of the buildings of which was destroyed in the 1930s, a fragment of the fence remains. Now there is a small market selling all kinds of souvenirs.
Nearby there is a bridge over the Trubezh River, behind which the old part of the city continues. We find ourselves on Rostovskaya Street, along which tomorrow early in the morning we will go further, to Rostov the Great, and then even further - to our beloved city of Yaroslavl.
The city has several churches built in the "provincial baroque" style of the 18th century. They are characterized by the red brick coloring of the walls and the ornate decor of the platbands and cornices. It is especially elegant at the Simeon Church, decorated with charming heads of cherubs. This church is located just behind the bridge.
And if you look into the courtyards, in front of which, unlike Moscow, there are no bars with combination locks, you can see typical Russia at the beginning of perestroika, which was so angry then, and which looks so exotic now.
The Trubezh River divides the city into two parts. Last year, the bridge across it was closed for repairs, and it was terribly inconvenient - in order to explore another part of Pereslavl, we had to make a huge detour around the perimeter of the city to return to almost the same point at a distance of twenty meters, and spend almost hour.
One of the most picturesque corners of Pereslavl is the place where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. At the very mouth, on a small cape, there is another baroque church - the Church of the Forty Martyrs. In summer, the temple is very beautifully reflected in the water surface.
I strongly advise everyone who goes to Pereslavl to walk around the city center along the earthen rampart. You can see everything perfectly from here, and you won’t miss the main attractions. You just need to do this in dry weather, otherwise there is a risk of getting smeared; there is no asphalt or tiles on the shaft, and there are a lot of people at the top.
Most of the houses in the old part of the city are wooden, or half wooden. Living in them is probably bad, but admiring them from the outside is a pleasure. There are almost no migrant workers from the southern lands in the city, because the townspeople themselves willingly take on any work, and air trade cannot be arranged here, since the population simply does not have money.
The more modern quarters of the city still look ancient. They are very nice, do not at all correspond to the spirit of evil, bustling megacities, and here you simply relax your soul. Here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, I suddenly had some kind of forgotten feeling, as if I was not surviving, but actually living.
This city has an incredible number of museums, mostly small, domestic ones, but still I have never seen so many museums in such a small area. They are all quite interesting. We were not in this Museum of Gramophones and Records. It is not located in the city itself, but on the shore of the lake, a few kilometers from the center.
The Radio Museum is nearby. We weren't there either.
The Iron Museum is very interesting, where irons are collected almost from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky to the present day. The museum is private and also very interesting, but we haven’t been to it either.
We just didn't time it right. It never occurred to me that such a small town could contain so many interesting things. We planned to study it in half a day and move further north, but the one and a half days of constant movement that we devoted to it were too little.
But still, we managed to go to the main museums of the city, and there will be separate topics about them. The most important one is the Goritsky Monastery, which we pass on the way to the hotel. Perhaps this is the only museum in the city that cannot be missed.
And there is also the Dendrological Museum, there is the Berendey House, there are house museums of famous people... And we have not been to them. But we visited the museum of the cradle of the Russian fleet “Peter's Boat”, but about it in the next topic. We found it by chance, in such a bright restaurant literally opposite the museum, otherwise we would have driven past.
We stayed overnight at a hotel next to this museum of the same name on the very shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. Some of the inconveniences of this hotel were completely compensated by the view of the lake. The hostess, looking at me and our car (Moscow license plates), said that a double room would cost 1800, but if we wanted personal amenities and a TV, then 2500. I agreed to the second one.
Already in the room, when we tried to turn on the TV, we suffered a complete fiasco. Upon careful inspection, I discovered the complete absence of any antenna. To my angry question to the hostess why the TV didn’t work, she reasonably answered, saying, it never worked, but it’s in the room, what’s the complaint? The shower turned out to be the same, the latest system, the water was not regulated, and I first got scalded and then went numb. But this is all nonsense compared to the views of Lake Pleshcheyevo.
I am a simple person, but sometimes I am drawn to high thoughts. All of us, people, are a small particle of God, His spark. In rare moments, in rare places, these places of Power, we suddenly feel it, and we merge with the world, become part of It, the hands of God on earth, and from the heart and from the palms it’s as if a ray of such power shoots out that it illuminates these clouds. There is no death, no pain and illness, there is nothing at all except This, of which we are a small part.
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Pereslavl-Zalessky is a city in the Yaroslavl region, located 140 kilometers from Moscow, on the M8 Kholmogory highway Moscow - Arkhangelsk, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River. Center national park"Lake Pleshcheyevo" The kilometer sign “140 km” is located in the city center at the turn from Svoboda Street to Rostovskaya Street. The final railway station on the freight line from Berendeevo (Moscow - Yaroslavl line).
The city is part of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Story
The city was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as Pereyaslavl.
It received its name in honor of an older city - Pereyaslavl-Russky (today's Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky in Ukraine). In turn, the latter was founded and named so by Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
Founded by Yuri Dolgoruky, the city was located behind the forests in Zalesye - an area of fields and agriculture; therefore, an additional definition was added to the name of the city: Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Since the 15th century, the pronunciation has changed to Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Around 1220, Prince Alexander Nevsky was born in Pereyaslavl.
In 1276-1294 (with a break), Dmitry Alexandrovich Pereyaslavsky, son of Alexander Nevsky, who reigned in Pereyaslavl, was the Grand Duke of Vladimir, although his residence was still in Pereyaslavl. Thus, at this time Pereyaslavl-Zalessky was the actual capital of northeastern Rus'. In 1302, after the death of Prince Ivan Dmitrievich, the city, according to his will, went to the Moscow principality. Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich tried to annex Pereyaslavl to his possessions, but a charter from the Horde Khan in 1303 confirmed the rights of the Moscow princes. In 1304, near Pereyaslavl, the Tver detachment that besieged the city under the command of the boyar Akinfa was completely defeated by the united Moscow-Pereyaslavl army.
In 1238 (after a five-day siege), 1252, 1281, 1282, 1294 (the city was burned by the Yaroslavl prince Fyodor Cherny), 1382, 1408 and 1419 the city was taken and plundered by the Horde. In 1372, the city settlement was burned out by the raid of Prince Keistut. Beginning in 1302, it was governed by Moscow governors, and was sometimes given out as food to visiting princes. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereyaslavl was the patrimony of the princes of Moscow and was obliged to deliver fish to the court, which was reflected in the city’s coat of arms. This fish - Pereslavl vendace - is a delicious subspecies with a special taste, living only in Lake Pleshcheyevo, and is currently listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Yaroslavl region.
In the fall of 1374, Moscow Prince Dmitry Ivanovich organized a meeting of Russian princes and boyars in Pereyaslavl, at which he first discussed the issue of ridding the country of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
In 1608, the fortress was destroyed by Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The city suffered greatly during the Time of Troubles.
In 1688, Tsar Peter I began the construction of an amusing flotilla on Lake Pleshcheyevo, which was the beginning of the Russian navy. In 1692, the construction of the flotilla was completed and a ceremonial review was held.
In 1708 the city was assigned to the Moscow province. Since 1719 - the center of the Pereslavl province of the Moscow province. Since 1778 - county town Vladimir governorship, and then the province. Since 1929 - the center of the Pereslavl district of the Ivanovo industrial region. Since 1936, part of the Yaroslavl region.
In 1884, a water supply system was built in the city.
From 1872 to 1917 the city was governed by the city council. In 1994 it was recreated.
Attractions
Monuments of church architecture: five architectural complexes of monasteries and nine churches (For more details, see the “Religion” section).
On the territory of the Goritsky Assumption Monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky, located at the entrance to the city from Moscow, there is a bust of the city’s founder, Yuri Dolgoruky, by Sergei Orlov (1949). The bust was cast from bronze by G. Savinsky in 1950. The bust is, in fact, a sketch of the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow, the design competition of which Sergei Orlov won in 1946.
In the center of Pereslavl, the city rampart surrounding historical Center cities. Rybnaya Sloboda stretches along the Trubezh River.
Museums and exhibitions:
- Pereslavl-Zalessky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve
- Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I" (since 1803, the first provincial museum in Russia), where the boat "Fortune" is preserved
- Pereslavl Dendrological Garden
- Iron Museum
- Teapot House Museum
- Steam Locomotive Museum
- Museum of Cunning and Ingenuity
- Teapot Museum
- Crafts Museum
- Center for the Preservation and Development of Folk Traditions "Berendey's House"
2 km north-west of the city there is an archaeological monument “Kleshchinsky complex”, the center of the complex is ancient city Kleshchin, from which the ramparts of the 12th century have been preserved. The object of pagan worship has been preserved - the Blue Stone, a huge dark blue boulder weighing 12 tons. A few kilometers from Pereslavl-Zalessky, in the village of Talitsy, there is the Pereslavl Railway Museum.
There are six monasteries in the city, four of which are active:
- Goritsky Monastery (closed in 1744, museum)
- Nikitsky Monastery
- Nikolsky Monastery
- Sretensky Novodevichy Convent (closed in 1764)
- Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
- Feodorovsky Monastery
In the 18th-19th centuries it was the center of the Pereslavl diocese. Later, the Pereslavl Theological School operated in the city.
There are nine churches in the city, of which notable ones are:
- Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the 12th century, the oldest monument architecture of North-Eastern Rus';
- tented church of Metropolitan Peter (1585).
Travel decorates our lives, makes it interesting and meaningful. To the question - where to go? - a knowledgeable local historian will probably answer, - choose the Golden Ring of Russia, you won’t regret it. And he will be right, because it includes ancient cities with unique historical and cultural monuments. As a rule, centers of folk crafts are also located here. This fundamental route includes 8 cities: Suzdal, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Rostov Veliky, Sergiev Posad, Kostroma, Ivanovo and, of course, Pereslavl-Zalessky. However, it is hardly worth trying to visit all these places at once. Stretch out the pleasure, start, for example, with Pereslavl-Zalessky. You will have to travel only 140 kilometers from Moscow. This can be done by bus, train, or own car, even the cycling route is well developed.
Already in the name of the city one can hear the epic echo, the hero Peresvet is immediately remembered, and the meaning of the root “slav” cannot be confused with any other. And this name of the city is justified, because it was founded in the 12th century by the very famous historical figure Yuri Dolgoruky. The famous commander Alexander Nevsky was also born here. And although today Pereslavl-Zalessky is just a regional center in the Yaroslavl region with a population of slightly more than 40 thousand people, at one time it played the role of the capital of northeastern Rus'.
Today Pereslavl-Zalessky, despite its modest status, is quite visited. Every year it receives up to 350 thousand people, the vast majority of this flow is excursion and tourist, many foreigners, since the city has preserved unique monuments. Among them is the oldest church in central Russia - the Transfiguration Cathedral, dating back to the 12th century.
Pereslavl-Zalessky is located on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, where the Trubezh River flows, geographically it is the upper reaches of the Volga. The lake itself is called the most beautiful in the Central Russian region, its coastline stretches for 27 kilometers. The waters of the lake are home to almost 20 species of fish, including the famous delicacy vendace, listed in the Red Book, which appears on the city’s coat of arms. It has been 15 years since the surrounding area of the lake received the status of a national park. Its landscapes are beautiful thanks to the tracts of aspen, birch, pine, spruce, oak, and linden. In the quiet of the protected area you can meet red deer, roe deer, peregrine falcon, black stork, and swan.
But the inspection usually begins from the city itself. The guides proudly show the surviving and lovingly restored monuments of ancient Russian architecture. In the very center are Red Square and the Kremlin, which includes real pearls of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. The temple ensemble is a high example of the art of ancient architects, who embodied the strength and spiritual power of our ancestors in the forms of their creations. In total, it is proposed to explore 6 complexes of ancient monasteries and 9 churches, many of them remain active. Interestingly, the city rampart has been preserved in the center, reinforcing the idea of the past of the glorious city.
By this inspection excursion program is far from over. You will definitely be shown the museum-estate “Botik Peter 1”. The fact is that on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo the young tsar ordered the construction of an amusing flotilla, which, not without reason, is considered the cradle of the Russian navy. You can also see interesting exhibitions at the Iron Museum and the Teapot Museum. Samples of these household items date back hundreds of years. Evidence of a later era is the Steam Locomotive Museum. No less interesting is the center of crafts and crafts “Berendey’s House”, where skillful handicrafts of local wood painting masters are collected. Another interesting excursion site is the Pereslavl Dendrological Garden.
Today, tourist travelers love to visit the so-called places of power. Two kilometers from Pereslavl-Zalessky there is the ancient city of Kleshchin, on the territory of which the Blue Stone, which was still worshiped by the pagans, has been preserved. This is a huge boulder of dark blue color, which, according to pilgrims, has healing properties.
Although Pereslavl-Zalessky is primarily a monument of ancient Orthodox architecture, modern realities have also been written into its life. The University is twenty years old. The photochemical branch of the Kodek factories is successfully operating, technical textiles are being produced, and machine embroidery production is operating.
It is clear that it is simply impossible to see all the sights in one day. But the city is focused on receiving tourists, so there are many hotels, hotels, guest houses, booking is possible via the Internet.
The choice is yours - come to Pereslavl-Zalessky as part of an organized tourist group, or travel independently. In both cases, you will get a lot of impressions, take with you beautiful souvenirs and preserve the memory of ancient capital northeast of Rus'.
